Previous Year Questions

QUESTION ID:2

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QUESTION ID:3

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QUESTION ID:4

Which of the following will be present in the F₁ multicellular embryo, derived from a cross of female plant (A) with male plant B, through "bulbosum method"?

QUESTION ID:5

Arrange the steps in PEG induced protoplast fusion in correct sequence -

A. Treatment of protoplast mixture with 28-50% PEG for 15-30 minutes.

B. Protoplast aggregation.

C. Washing of protoplast (alkaline medium pH 9-10), and high Ca²⁺ concentration

D. Selection of protoplasts of different strains / species.

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QUESTION ID:6

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QUESTION ID:7

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QUESTION ID:8

What will be the energy of one photon of light having a wavelength of 200 nm?

[ h=6.6×10⁻³⁴ Js, c=3.0×10⁸ ms⁻¹]

QUESTION ID:9

A black body has a temperature of 4830 K. The wavelength of peak emission ($\lambda_{\text{max}}$) of the radiation emitted from it is approximately equal to

QUESTION ID:10

Identify the correct statements.

(A). Coriolis force is an apparent force.

(B). Coriolis force is maximum at the equator.

(C). Coriolis force plays an important role in wind systems on earth.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:11

The Richter's magnitude scale measures earthquakes in ________ scale.

QUESTION ID:12

Arrange the following rocks in the increasing grade of metamorphism.

(A). Phyllite

(B). Slate

(C). Gneiss

(D). Shale

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:13

The boundary between the mantle and outer core is marked by an abrupt ________ in the P-wave velocity.

QUESTION ID:14

In igneous rocks, the plutonic equivalent of basalt is

QUESTION ID:15

The crystal habit of asbestos is

QUESTION ID:16

Arrange the following minerals in the increasing order of Mohs scale of hardness.

(A). Orthoclase

(B). Fluorite

(C). Corundum

(D). Gypsum

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QUESTION ID:17

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QUESTION ID:18

Which of the following are examples of a sedimentary rock?

(A). Dolomite

(B). Mudstone

(C). Hornfels

(D). Slate

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QUESTION ID:19

The energy that derives the hydrological cycle on Earth comes from

QUESTION ID:20

Arrange the geologic era and periods in order starting from the oldest to the most recent one.

(A). Neoproterozoic, Precambrian

(B). Quaternary period, Cenozoic era

(C). Jurassic period, Mesozoic era

(D). Permian period, Paleozoic era

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QUESTION ID:21

Arrange the following radiations in decreasing order of their frequencies.

(A). Microwave

(B). UV A

(C). UV B

(D). UV C

(E). Infrared

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QUESTION ID:22

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QUESTION ID:23

Calculate the molarity of a solution containing 10 g of NaOH in a 500 mL solution.

QUESTION ID:24

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QUESTION ID:25

Arrange the following II B (or 12) group elements in decreasing order of their Pauling electronegativities.

(A). Zn

(B). Cd

(C). Hg

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QUESTION ID:26

Choose the correct statements

(A). Oxygen is the least abundant element on Earth

(B). Iron and Nickel found in the Core of the Earth

(C). Oceanic Crust is rich in magnesium and iron

(D). Continental Crust is rich in magnesium and iron

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QUESTION ID:27

What will be the concentration of nitrogen (N) in water containing 310 ppb of NO₃- ions?

QUESTION ID:28

What are the values of X, Y and Z in the following equation?

Cr₂​O₇²⁻​+ XH⁺ + Ye⁻→ 2Cr³⁺ + Z H₂​O

QUESTION ID:29

A solution is prepared by adding 7 g of a substance A to 18 g of water. Calculate the mass percent of the solute.

QUESTION ID:30

Arrange the following minerals in order of their crystallization during cooling of magma.

(A) Olivine

(B) Amphibole

(C) K-Feldspar

(D) Quartz

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QUESTION ID:31

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QUESTION ID:32

Which of the following is the most abundant element in bulk earth crust?

QUESTION ID:33

The yellow color and round seed shape traits are dominant over green color and wrinkled seed shape, respectively. Which of the following statements is true for the F1 generation if homozygously yellow colored and round seed-shaped plants are crossed with homozygously green colored and wrinkled seed-shaped plants?

QUESTION ID:34

The correct sequence of eukaryotic cell cycle starting from beginning is

(A). G₁

(B). G₂

(C). S

(D). M

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QUESTION ID:35

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QUESTION ID:36

Choose the correct statement(s)

(A). Sickle cell anemia occurs because of single amino acid change, repeated in the two beta chains of the hemoglobin molecule.

(B). Sickle cell anemia occurs because of two amino acid change, repeated in the single beta chains of hemoglobin molecule.

(C). Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease affecting hemoglobin molecules in blood.

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QUESTION ID:37

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QUESTION ID:38

Which is NOT a general process of concentrating and sampling of bioaerosols?

QUESTION ID:39

Covaxin used for the vaccination of COVID-19 contains

QUESTION ID:40

Which of the following events is Not correct?

(A). The replication occurs on one strand at a time.

(B). The replication process is semi-conservative.

(C). The replication starts at multiple points.

(D). In eukaryotic cells, several mutations occur in every cycle due to the absence of a repair mechanism.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:41

Which of the amino acid has the isoelectric point at pH < 4?

QUESTION ID:42

In many grass species of temperate origin and also in some dicots, starch is not the major product of photosynthesis, rather sucrose and fructose polymers to form compounds collectively known as

QUESTION ID:43

In the three step process of respiration, namely glycolysis, Kreb cycle and electron transport system (ETS), the step that can occur in absence of O₂ is

QUESTION ID:44

One characteristic of flowers belonging to Compositae family, which has dense headlike inflorescence that consists of aggregation of few to hundred flowers crowded together on a receptacle, is called as

QUESTION ID:45

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QUESTION ID:46

Which of the following statements are correct for the aquatic ecosystem?

(A). Floating green microorganisms such as Volvox, Spirogyra and plants are called Zooplanktons.

(B). Phytoplanktons are floating animals such as Cyclops and Cypris.

(C). Benthic animals are the bottom dwellers, such as molluscs.

(D). No light is available in the euphotic zone at anytime of day.

(E). Nektons are animals that can swim and navigate at their will, such as fishes.

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QUESTION ID:47

Which of the following health condition is caused by cadmium poisoning?

QUESTION ID:48

The above-ground living biomass and its nutrient content is highest for which of the following tree species at maturity?

QUESTION ID:49

The amount of energy expended by an animal while at rest in a neutral temperate environment or at the minimum rate of metabolism is known as

QUESTION ID:50

Choose the incorrect statement.

QUESTION ID:51

Radioactive decay follows ______ order kinetics and the T_1/2 is ______ of the initial concentration.

QUESTION ID:52

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QUESTION ID:53

The hierarchy of animal classification is

(A). Class

(B). Kingdom

(C). Phylum

(D). Order

(E). Family

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QUESTION ID:54

Choose the correct statements

(A). Amensalism is the negative association between two species in which one species restricts or harms other species without being adversely affected or harmed.

(B). Mutualism is the relationship in which one of the species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited.

(C). Commensalism is the association between two species in which both of the species benefit.

(D). In competition, both species are harmed.

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QUESTION ID:55

Bone present in the fore arm of human is known as.

QUESTION ID:56

Which of the following genetic disorder is caused by dominant gene?

QUESTION ID:57

The least number of fossils in rocks are expected in which of the following geological era?

QUESTION ID:58

The Brundtland Commission Report defining the term Sustainable Development is referred to as

QUESTION ID:59

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QUESTION ID:60

The 'Red list' is a catalogue of taxa that are facing the risk of extinction. Which of the following institutions published this?

QUESTION ID:61

Which of the following state in India has highest number of Ramsar sites as on Feb, 2025 ?

QUESTION ID:62

Which of the following are green house gases?

(A). Nitrous oxide

(B). Carbon tetrachloride

(C). Ozone

(D). Water vapour

(E). Oxygen

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QUESTION ID:63

Smog formed as a result of SO₂ released from coal combustion in presence of water vapour in ambient atmosphere is an example of..........

QUESTION ID:64

________ is a philosophical approach to environmental ethics in which the environment deserves direct moral consideration instead of merely relying on human interests.

QUESTION ID:65

Which of the following gas is not emitted from landfill sites?

QUESTION ID:66

A sound pressure of 0.002 Pa is equivalent to a sound pressure level of.................

QUESTION ID:67

The workers in coal mines are sometimes suffering from black lung disease due to inhaling coal dust. This condition is also known as

QUESTION ID:68

Which of the following zone of a lake can support rooted vegetation?

QUESTION ID:69

Which of the following is metallic mineral?

QUESTION ID:70

Dissolved Oxygen in surface water of a lake or pond................ keeping all other conditions same.

QUESTION ID:71

Average salinity of ocean water is

QUESTION ID:72

Which of the following are important factors that influence soil development?

(A). Climate

(B). Organisms

(C). Relief

(D). Parent material

(E). Time

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QUESTION ID:73

Arrange the following acts in chronological order (old to recent) of the year of their enactment in India.

(A). Environmental Protection Act

(B). Biodiversity Act

(C). Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act

(D). Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act

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QUESTION ID:74

A sample has an absorbance of 0.24 at a wavelength of 270 nm when measured using a standard spectrophotometer. The molar extinction coefficient of the sample is 96000 M^-1 cm^-1. Calculate the concentration of the sample.

QUESTION ID:75

The speed of locomotion in some lower animals is regulated by light. This phenomenon is also known as.

QUESTION ID:76

An absorbance of a protein solution at 280 nm was found to be 0.2. What will be the concentration of the protein if the εM₍₂₈₀₎ = 10000 M^-1 cm^-1 and measured in 1 cm cuvette?

QUESTION ID:77

An analyst reported γ-lindane concentrations in a synthetic standard, having concentration of 15 ± 0.6 ppb, using GC-MS as 14, 14.1, 16, 15.8, 15.9, 14.8 ppb. The data is:

QUESTION ID:78

Which of the following instruments work on the principal of Bragg's equation?

QUESTION ID:79

Match List-I with List-II

QUESTION ID:80

The speed (v) of a wind blowing at ~12 km altitude over a mid-latitude region is varying with time (t) as follows:

where $a_0$ and $v_0$ are constants and have unit $\text{m s}^{-2}$ and $\text{m s}^{-1}$, respectively. The acceleration (in $\text{m s}^{-2}$) of wind at time $t = 3\,\text{s}$ will be:

QUESTION ID:81

In the Bardenpho process of activated sludge system, which of the following is removed along with nitrogen?

QUESTION ID:82

Arrange the following species of marsh community in their correct order in the food chain

(A). Frog

(B). Dragon Fly

(C). Hawks

(D). Butterfly

(E). Snake

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QUESTION ID:83

Which of the following relationships is/are not true?

(A) Most probable velocity = √(2RT / M)

(B) pV = 3/2 kT

(C) Compressibility factor  Z = pV / nRT

(D) Average kinetic energy of gas = 1/2 kT

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:84

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QUESTION ID:85

The shielding constant of a 2p electron (calculated using Slater's rules) is:

QUESTION ID:86

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QUESTION ID:87

The structure of protein comprises of:

(A). Primary structure of protein is associated with amino acids

(B). Secondary structure of protein is associated to peptides

(C). Tertiary structure of protein is associated with polypeptide chains

(D). Quaternary structure of protein is associated with polypeptide chains

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QUESTION ID:88

In a chromatographic analysis of lemon oil a peak for limonene has a retention time of 8.36 min with a baseline width of 0.96 min. γ-Terpinene elutes at 9.54 min with a baseline width of 0.64 min. What is the resolution between the two peaks?

QUESTION ID:89

Which of the following statements are correct about photosynthesis?

(A). Photosystem I has a greater number of a particular type of chlorophyll molecule called chlorophyll a

(B). Photosystem II is maximally activated at wavelengths shorter than 680 nm

(C). In photosystem I, NADPH is produced.

(D). Photosystem II is maximally activated at wavelengths larger than 680 nm

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QUESTION ID:90

Even at relatively high resolution, most of the peaks in a HNMR spectrum of a protein are broad, which makes it difficult to extract information about biological samples using NMR. This is because:

QUESTION ID:91

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QUESTION ID:92

Which of the following are the properties of a good cloning vector?

(A). Ideally should be less than 10 kb

(B). Isolation and purification should be easy

(C). Should contain a unique target site

(D). Able to replicate autonomously

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QUESTION ID:93

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QUESTION ID:94

Siderophores are small polydentate ligands and have a high affinity for:

QUESTION ID:95

A group of transposable elements described as retroelements encompass:

QUESTION ID:96

Monoclonal antibodies can be employed for:

(A). Early detection of cancers

(B). Clear detection of pathogens

(C). Classification of blood group

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:97

Ripening delayed tomatoes are produced by:

QUESTION ID:98

Which of the following statement regarding Innate immunity is wrong?

(A) The response time is minute to hours.

(B) The specificity of innate immunity is highly diverse.

(C) The major components of innate immunity are B cells and T cells.

(D) The major components of innate immunity are phagocytes.

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QUESTION ID:99

Which of the following are chiral molecules?

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QUESTION ID:100

Which of the following microorganism plays an important role in the early stages of cheese production?

(A). Brevibacterium linens

(B). Penicillium candidum

(C). Lactococcus cremoris

(D). Lactococcus lactis

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:101

Which of the following in vitro technique is used to find Protein-Protein Interaction?

QUESTION ID:102

The presence and distribution of specific mRNAs within a cell can be detected by:

QUESTION ID:103

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is frequently used as a vector to create transgenic plants. Under laboratory conditions Agrobacterium mediated plant transformation does not require:

QUESTION ID:104

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis carries out protein based on:

QUESTION ID:105

Cosmids contain:

(A). Replication origin

(B). Unique restriction sites

(C). A selectable marker from a plasmid

(D). Cos site from phage genome

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QUESTION ID:106

In the enzyme-linked antibody used in ELISA, the interaction between the enzyme and antibody is stabilized by:

QUESTION ID:107

Eicosanoids are a type of polyenoic fatty acids that consist of:

(A). Leukotrienes

(B). Prostaglandins

(C). Lipoxins

(D). Cholesterol

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:108

RNA polymerase responsible for the synthesis of tRNA:

QUESTION ID:109

Arrange the following bacteriophages in the increasing order of size in terms of nucleotide base pairs

(A). T4 phage
(B). λ phage
(C). T7 phage
(D). φX174 phage

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QUESTION ID:110

What is the role of the p53 gene in cancer development?

QUESTION ID:111

The sequence of reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are:

(A). Decarboxylation of pyruvate

(B). Formation of Acetyl-CoA

(C). Formation of acetyl lipoamide

(D). Oxidation of dihydrolipoamide

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:112

The urea cycle takes place in which of the following compartments of the cell?

(A). Cytosol

(B). Endoplasmic reticulum

(C). Mitochondrial matrix

D). Peroxisomes

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:113

Consider the following reactions in which all the reactants and products are in gaseous state.

2PQ ⇌ P_2 ​+ Q₂​             $K_1=4\times {10}^4$

$PQ+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}{R}_2\rightleftharpoons PQ\mathrm{R\hspace{1em}}$$K_2 = 5 \times 10^{-3}$

The value of $K_3$ for the equilibrium

is

QUESTION ID:114

Match List-I with List-II 

QUESTION ID:115

The Michaelis constant (Km) in enzyme kinetics represents:

QUESTION ID:116

[Co(NH₃)₄(NO₂)₂]Cl exhibits.

(A) Ionisation isomerism
(B) Linkage isomerism
(C) Geometrical isomerism
(D) Coordination isomerism
(E) Solvate isomerism

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:117

The alpha particles are:

QUESTION ID:118

Which of the following are components of lipid raft in plasma membrane?

QUESTION ID:119

The amino acid Tryptophan exhibits maximum UV absorption at what approximate wavelength?

QUESTION ID:120

Which one of the following regions of the target gene is NOT used for making an RNAi construct to knock down its expression?

QUESTION ID:121

Which of the following statements regarding restriction enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology is correct?

QUESTION ID:122

Every continuous real valued function on [a, b] is:

(A). Constant.

(B). Bounded above.

(C). Bounded below.

(D). Unbounded.

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QUESTION ID:123

*Let <G, *> be a group. Then for all $a, b, c \in G$

(A). $(a * b) * c \in G$

(B). $a * b = b * a$

(C). $a * (b * c) = (a * b) * c$

(D). $a * b = a * c$ implies $b = c$.

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QUESTION ID:124

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QUESTION ID:125

 The solution of 

QUESTION ID:126

Let $f$ be a continuous real-valued function, defined by $f(x) = \sin x$, for all 

Then which of the following does not hold.

QUESTION ID:127

Let an unbiased die be thrown and the random variable X be the number appears on its top. Then the expectation of X is:

QUESTION ID:128

QUESTION ID:129

The equation of a straight line passes through the point $(4,-5)$ and is perpendicular to the straight line $3x + 4y + 5 = 0$

QUESTION ID:130

Which of the following subsets form subgroups of the group $⟨\mathbb{Z},+⟩$?

H₁​={0}

H₂​={n+1:n∈Z}

H₃​={2n:n∈Z}

H₄​={2n+1:n∈Z}

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QUESTION ID:131

The series 

QUESTION ID:132

If a subset B is a basis of a vector space V, then:

(A). B generates V.

(B). B contains zero vector.

(C). B is linearly independent.

(D). B is the only basis of V.

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QUESTION ID:133

Bacteria have specialized Two component system for the signaling, which among these is the part or sensory domain?

QUESTION ID:134

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QUESTION ID:135

In Transcription, which among these Transcription factors have Helicase activity?

QUESTION ID:136

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QUESTION ID:137

Amino acid that can form Di-sulfide linkage in protein:

QUESTION ID:138

Which bacteria is called the DNA repair champion?

QUESTION ID:139

What is the most significant advantage of using Subroutines or Functions in computer programming?

QUESTION ID:140

Which of the following is typically considered part of the MSU (likely meant VDU/System Unit context or specific acronym)?

(A) Monitor

(B) Keyboard

(C) Motherboard

(D) CPU

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QUESTION ID:141

What is the difference between clock speed and instruction cycle time?

QUESTION ID:142

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QUESTION ID:143

Which of the following is not the benefit of using an inline function in C++?

(A). It can improve code readability and reduce function call overhead.

(B). It can make the code more modular and easier to maintain.

(C). It allows for dynamic function calls at runtime.

(D). It can be used to define recursive functions.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:144

What is the difference between one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays in C++?

QUESTION ID:145

What are the risks of using pointers without proper care?

QUESTION ID:146

What is the main difference between LCD and LED displays?

QUESTION ID:147

What is the fundamental assumption behind a Markov model?

QUESTION ID:148

What is the key principle behind Monte Carlo simulation?

QUESTION ID:149

The first ever biological sequence database which was developed by Dayhoff and Eck's 1965 is:

QUESTION ID:150

Match List-I with List-II 

QUESTION ID:151

Electronic Polymerase Chain Reaction (e-PCR) is a computational procedure that is used..

QUESTION ID:152

Readseq one of the most popular computer programs written by Don Gilbert at Indiana University used for:

QUESTION ID:153

Which are the correct statetments regrading INSDC....

(A). Promotion of Human Genome Project

(B). It is collaboration of GenBank, EMBL and DDBJ databases.

(C). Facilitating exchange of sequence data on daily basis

(D). Validation of 3D model of protein with respect to structure solved by either X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:154

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QUESTION ID:155

SAKURA is a:

QUESTION ID:156

An example of primary database is:

(A). GenBank

(B). EMBL

(C). DDBJ

(D). PDB

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QUESTION ID:157

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QUESTION ID:158

During catabolism when ATP is produced directly from energy-rich intermediates, the process is called:

QUESTION ID:159

Which of the following sugar derivative(s) is found in bacterial cell wall?

(A). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

(B). Lipid A

(C). N-acetyl muramic acid

(D). D-galactosamine

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:160

Name the phase of microbial growth cycle when there is no net increase or decrease in cell number.

QUESTION ID:161

The organisms which have the ability to grow in a very dry environment are known as:

QUESTION ID:162

Match List-I with List-II

QUESTION ID:163

Calculate the melting temperature (°C) of the following primer:

Primer Sequence  5'-AGCTAATCCGGGCTACCG-3'

QUESTION ID:164

Arrange the following steps of polymerase chain reaction in correct sequence.

(A). Annealing
(B). Denaturation
(C). Cooling at 4 °C
(D). Extension

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QUESTION ID:165

In a vector, antibiotic resistance is often used as a:

QUESTION ID:166

Which of the following is the most abundant protein on earth?

QUESTION ID:167

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QUESTION ID:168

Which of the following biological materials has not been patented?

QUESTION ID:169

In vertical gel electrophoresis, the function of the β-mercaptoethanol is:

QUESTION ID:170

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QUESTION ID:171

Arrange the steps followed in the differential Gram staining of bacteria.

(A). Add iodine solution for 1 minute

(B). Stain the smear with crystal violet for 1 minute

(C). Spread culture in thin film and air dry followed by heat fixing

(D). Counter stain the smear with safranin solution for 1-2 minutes

(E). Decolorize with alcohol briefly for 20 seconds

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:172

Coenzymes and Prosthetic groups are small non-protein molecules that take part in catalysis. What is the major difference between the two cofactors?

QUESTION ID:173

How many ATPs are produced on complete oxidation of 1 glucose molecule through oxidative phosphorylation and substrate-level phosphorylation?

QUESTION ID:174

Flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA is known as transcription. Which of the following represents RNA transcript sequence for the given DNA molecule?

5'-TTAGCCTCGTGTAA-3'

3'-AATCGGAGCACATT-5'

QUESTION ID:175

Match List-I with List-II

QUESTION ID:176

What is a missense mutation?

QUESTION ID:177

Which of the following facts is/are true about Shuttle vectors?

(A). Vectors that have the capability to replicate in only related host organisms

(B). Vectors that have the capability to replicate in two unrelated host organisms

(C). Shuttle vectors have two origins of replication

(D). Shuttle vectors do not have a selection marker