Previous Year Questions

QUESTION ID:2

Identify the meaning of the underlined idiom from the options given.

Rajesh's brother gave him a bird's eye view of the courses offered in the Hansraj College.

QUESTION ID:3

Choose the correct option to make a meaningful sentence.

For the last seven months I _________ in this company.

QUESTION ID:4

Identify synonym for the underlined word in the sentence.

Rabindranath Tagore had penchant for reading books.

QUESTION ID:5

Find correctly spelt word from the options given below (only one word is spelt correctly):

QUESTION ID:6

Identify the correct active voice for the sentence given below:

When were my shirts returned by Ajay?

QUESTION ID:7

Identify the correct direct speech for the sentence given below:

Farhaan told Ashok that Taj Mahal is the Seventh Wonder of the World.

QUESTION ID:8

Choose the correct order of the paragraph to create a meaning out of PQRS set:

To explain

P : that there are no opposites.
Q : forms required looking at the second
R : approach to opposites in the theory of forms
S : how Plato can deny the existence of some

QUESTION ID:9

Choose the correct sentence.

QUESTION ID:10

Find out which part of the following sentence has an error.

QUESTION ID:11

Who built the famous Shiva Temple at Ellora?

QUESTION ID:12

The origin of Indian music can be traced to which of the following Vedic Samhitas?

QUESTION ID:13

Buddhism made an important impact by allowing which of the following hitherto marginalized sections of society into its fold?

A. Women
B. Warriors
C. Merchants
D. Shudras

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:14

President of India is empowered to make which of the following appointments?

A. Chief of the Army
B. Speaker of the Lok Sabha
C. Chief Justice of India
D. Chief of the Air Force

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:15

Which of the following statements are correct about Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban?

A. It has an outlay of 1.41 lakh crore and will be implemented over 5 years.
B. The nodal Ministry is Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
C. SBM-U Phase 2 was launched by Hardeep Singh Puri.
D. SBM was launched on 2nd October 2014.

Choose the correct answer:

QUESTION ID:16

In a certain code language,

"book pen mouse computer" is coded as "er gh iu cv"

"keypad pen book bottle" is coded as "gn ty iu kl"

"computer pen bottle paper" is coded as "cv kl io gh"

Which of the following code is used for "pen"

QUESTION ID:17

In a certain code language,

"Attend class daily good" is written as 9$5, 24%9, 3$6, 24*3

"Begin great any matter" is written as 3 & 3, 8$9, 10*15, 14$4

"Less error and fire" is written as 10$7, 23%8, 9%14, 24&3

"Tool better than screw" is written as 16%22, 5$21, 10*4, 14%22

According to the given code what will be the code for the word 'Burst'?

QUESTION ID:18

If the symbol '+' means '−' and '*' means '∕' and vice versa then, what would be the value of the following equation?

4 * 2 / 4 − 2 + 3

QUESTION ID:19

If V plays first, which one of the following must be true?

A. T perform sixth.
B. X perform third.
C. Z perform seventh.
D. T perform immediately after Y.
E. W perform immediately after X.

QUESTION ID:20

After walking for 6 km, Aradhana turns to the right and then walks 2 km. After that she turns to the left and walks 10 km. In the end, Aradhana is moving towards the North. From which direction did Aradhana start her journey?

QUESTION ID:21

In how many ways, a committee of 6 members be selected from 7 men and 5 women, consisting of 4 men and 2 women?

QUESTION ID:22

A cone and a sphere have equal radii and equal volumes. Find the ratio of the diameter of the sphere to the height of the cone?

QUESTION ID:23

A sum of money doubles itself at compound interest in 15 years. In how many years will it become eight times?

QUESTION ID:24

What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a dice?

QUESTION ID:25

If the equation 2x² + 3x + p = 0 has equal roots, then the value of p is

QUESTION ID:26

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Somatic hybridization is an excellent method to combine two genomes bypassing sexual reproduction.

Reason R: It can be used to produce symmetrical allotetraploids.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:27

Organ-specific secondary metabolite product is best achieved by:

QUESTION ID:28

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Nitrogenase enzyme is sensitive to oxygen and must be protected from oxygen-mediated inactivation.

Reason R: Anoxygenic condition is maintained by leghemoglobin and facilitates the symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:29

Which of the following statement is NOT true about artificial synthetic seeds?

QUESTION ID:30

Forced auxiliary bud proliferation is induced by the exogenous application of:

QUESTION ID:31

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Organogenic competent cells can be induced to form a specific organ.
Statement II: Once induced towards organogenesis, the cells become irreversibly committed to form specific organ even if the inductive hormone is withdrawn.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:32

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Initiation of embryo development is stimulated by withdrawal of plant growth regulators.
Statement II: Continuation of development and completion of maturation of embryo are induced by the application of abscisic acid and imposition of dehydration period.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:33

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Maintenance of slightly hypertonic osmolarity is significant during protoplast culture procedure.
Reason R: The isolated protoplasts are osmotically fragile because they lack cell-wall.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:34

The population of cells in a developing somatic embryo is:

QUESTION ID:35

Choose the correct statement(s):

A. Kinetin offsets the inhibitory action of auxin-induced shoot bud formation.
B. Auxin inhibits the spontaneous shoot bud formation.
C. Kinetin promotes the inhibitory action of auxin-induced shoot bud formation.
D. Auxin promotes the spontaneous shoot bud formation.
E. Auxin-cytokinin interaction do not have direct role in root-shoot differentiation.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:36

Which of the following statement is TRUE regarding the Direct somatic embryogenesis? 

QUESTION ID:37

Match List I with List II

QUESTION ID:38

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Plant transformation requires the regeneration of whole plant from isolated plant cells or tissues.

Statement II: Such plant regeneration is conducted in-vivo so that the environment and growth conditions can be manipulated for better regeneration frequencies.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:39

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Protoplast fusion is induced by furogen and yields cell types: (i) unfused protoplasts, (ii) heterokaryons (iii) homokaryons.

Reason R: Heterokaryons are the small proportion of fused protoplast and are the cells of interest.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:40

Organogenesis is induced in a callus by-

QUESTION ID:41

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: During in-vitro haploid production the anthers (or) the microspores are treated with a higher temperature of 35°C to 40°C for a short period before moving the cultures to generally used temperature of 24°C ± 2°C.

Reason R: Higher temperatures induce a stress, which triggers the microspores, that is destined to form embryos, towards embryogenic pathway.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:42

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: A cross between Hordeum vulgare. and H. bulbosum resulted in barley plants with gametic set of H. vulgare chromosomes.

Statement II: By embryo rescue it should be possible to raise haploids from similar type of crosses in plants.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:43

The liquid plant tissue culture media that contain labile organic ingredients, are sterilized by filter sterilization. The most commonly used cellulose acetate membrane filters used for filter sterilization has a pore size of:

QUESTION ID:44

The salts used as macronutrient in MS medium supply:

A. H, O, CI, S, Mg

B. N, H, S, CI, Mg

C. N, P, K Ca, Mg

D. Cl, P, S, Mg, H

E. O, N, Mg, S, Cl

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:45

Somatic cell hybridization helps in overcoming reproductive isolation barrier to enable gene transfer between the crop plant and its wild relative. To facilitate selection of hybrids the crop plant protoplast is stained with Rhodamine Isothyo Cynate (RITC) and the wild relative protoplast is stained with Fluorescine Isothiocyate (FITC). Both RITC and FITC are vital dyes that carter red colour and green colour respectively. What would be the colour of the somatic hybrid which can be selected by a cell sorter.

QUESTION ID:46

The development stage of microspore more suited for microspore embryogenesis is:

QUESTION ID:47

Binding of plant hormones to the membrane receptors of plant tissues cultured in-vitro induces a cascade of events leading to biological response by the cultured tissue. The phenomenon is known as:

QUESTION ID:48

One of the following is the commercially released somaclonal variant of Indian Mustard that was released by Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), India.

QUESTION ID:49

Match List I with List II 

QUESTION ID:50

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: For somatic cell hybridization, electro fusion method is recognized as best method as compared to PEG mediated method.

Reason R: Fusion frequency by electrofusion is very high while PEG mediated method of fusion results in heterogeneous mixture of parental type protoplasts and heterokaryons.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:51

The sustainable agriculture could use the properties of legumes to form nodules where the following events take place:

A. Goal of nitrogen fixation is to convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.

B. Nitrification is part of nitrogen fixation

C. Rhizobium fix atmospheric nitrogen

D. Bacteriods are associated with nitrogen fixation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:52

Bacteria associated with phosphate solubilization (PSB) belongs to one or more genera:

QUESTION ID:53

Protoplasts can be isolated from:

QUESTION ID:54

The statements given below are true for nodules.

A. Cynobacteria are gram negative

B. Cynobacteria are gram positive

C. Prokaryotes immobilize the available nutrients

D. Crenacheotes dominates nitrogen fixation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:55

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Nitrogen fixation by rhizobium requires anaerobic environment provided in the living cells of the root cortex. The larger organism is called the host. Mutualism is an ecological interaction between the two species in which both benefit.

Statement II: The commensalism is an ecological interaction where one species is benefitted.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:56

The statements given below are true for nodules.

A. Lignified external layers of nodules limit the gas exchange.

B. Leghaemoglobin binds reversibly to oxygen

C. Leghaemoglobin is a protein associated with transition element.

D. Leghaemoglobin provides aerobic environment for nitrogen fixation

E. Leghaemoglobin is a protein.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:57

The nitrogenase complex associated with nitrogen fixation shows which of the following:

QUESTION ID:58

How is growth promotion in plants achieved?

A. The growth promotion by free bacteria in plants is performed with bacteria carrier mix on the crops.

B. Growth promotion is achieved in pulses by the treatment given to the seeds.

C. Soil treatment with free bacteria before planting wheat and maize give best results.

D. Spraying with free bacteria is beneficial.

Choose the not appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:59

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: The ammonia is delivered as a product of nitrogen fixation via a specific transporter to the host cells. here it is subsequently converted mainly into glutamine and asparagines. The glutamine and asparagine are then transported via the xylem vessels to the other parts of the plant.

Reason R: Nodule cells contain high activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:60

Match List I with List II 

QUESTION ID:61

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Ideal tissue for the plant tissue culture is apical meristem.

Reason R: The viruses are unable to take over control of the host biosynthetic machinery. Auxins in meristems inhibit viruses.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:62

The nodules of soyabean export the fixed nitrogen compounds that contain high nitrogen to carbon (N/C) ratio:

QUESTION ID:63

Plant protoplasts provide a unique single cell system to underpin several aspects of modern biotechnology.

A. Protoplasts are the cells whose cell walls are removed and cytoplasmic membrane is the outermost layer in such cells.

B. Protoplast fusion is a physical phenomenon, during fusion two or more protoplasts come in contact and adhere with one another.

C. Protoplast fusion may be used to produce interspecific or even intergeneric hybrids.

D. The basic steps involved in production of somatic hybrids by protoplast isolation, fusion and regeneration.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:64

Trichoderma are mycofungicides and are:

QUESTION ID:65

Does meristem tip culture require treatment for eradication of microbes. The performance of various treatments listed. Identify the treatment for getting suitable explant for tissue culture.

QUESTION ID:66

The statements given an insight into the effect of rhizobacteria on nodule formation.

A. Phytostimulatory rhizobacteria promotes growth by providing nutrients and phytoharmones.

B. Symbiosis assist rhizobacteria in performance.

C. Genotype of the host does not have any role in the formation of nodules number, density, number and size.

D. The genotype determines the phytostimulatory responses

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:67

Virus-free plants can be produced through the following tissue culture methods except:

QUESTION ID:68

Which of the following is the best explant for gynogenic haploid production?

QUESTION ID:69

Veena wants to perform androgenic haploid induction. She wants you to assist her in providing with suitable stage she should select for the selection of explant. Your advice to her is that the best results could be achieved by:

QUESTION ID:70

Which of the following is NOT an inherent problem with micropropagation?

QUESTION ID:71

Auxins are associated with the elongation, apical dominance and rooting, some of the experimentally used auxins for callusing includes:

A. IAA

B. IBA

C. NOA

D. 2, 4, 5, T

E. 2, 4, D

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:72

Virus-free plants are produced by:

QUESTION ID:73

Which of the following is NOT the basic component of plant tissue culture media?

QUESTION ID:74

Following points are essential for suitable field testing of the micro propagated material.

A. Supervision and attending to the field should be made at all times.

B. Collaboration with the growers is essential.

C. Uniformity in terms of samples lot plotted in research station is not essential.

D. Survival of plants depends on its adaptation before transplanting to soil.

E. Adequate controls should also be used for comparison purposes.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:75

Chromosome doubling in microspore culture technique is achieved by treating the microspores with:

QUESTION ID:76

The main use of microspore culture is:

QUESTION ID:77

During protoplast fusion one of the parental protoplast is r or X irradiated and the other treated with Iodoacetamide to facilitate only the hybrids to proliferate in the culture medium. The parents alone will fail to proliferate. Such arrangement facilitates:

A. Full Genome Transfer

B. Genome of only one plant remain

C. Partial genome transfer from irradiated protoplast

D. Partial genome transfer from lodoacetamide treated protoplast.

E. No genetransfer between the protoplast.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:78

The factor(s) that induce somaclonal variation in tissue cultures is (are):

A. Age of tissue culture

B. Tissue culture medium

C. Genotype

D. Growth regulators

E. Explant used

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:79

Bt-based bio pesticides depend on the high quality and high efficiency process however, it should have one or all the given features:

QUESTION ID:80

One of the following statements is mistakenly placed here, can you help in identification?

QUESTION ID:81

Trichoderma species have been very successfully used as mycofungicides because:

QUESTION ID:82

The biocontrol mechanism in Trichoderma may be a combination of different mechanisms which may include the following:

QUESTION ID:83

Which among the following are major applications of haploids and double haploids?

A. Detection of Gametoclonal variations

B. Detection of recessive mutation

C. Large scale production of somatic hybrids

D. Fixation of F₁ recombinants

E. A system to study embryogenesis process.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:84

TACK super group of plant growth promoting bacteria includes the following members:

A. Aigarchaeeota

B. Creamarchaeota

C. Lokiarchaeotes

D. Taumarchaeota

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:85

Protoplasts are very sensitive to osmolarity of the medium. To keep the protoplast intact and facilitate their growth and cell division, the isolated protoplast is plated in a culture medium that has a higher osmoticum than the protoplast. The most appropriate high osmoticum obtained is by supplementing the liquid culture medium with

QUESTION ID:86

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Ammonia nitrogen is fixed into organic compounds relatively easily because it is more reduced than other forms of nitrogen.

Statement II: Many bacteria employ glutamate dehydrogenase for ammonia assimilation at high ammonia concentration.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:87

An alloplasmic CMS line suffers from chlorosis due to incompatibility between chloroplaste or alien species and nuclear genome of cultivated species. A method by which cytoplasmic organelles can be manipulated to overcome the problem is:

QUESTION ID:88

The most commonly used biocontrol agents are:

A. living organisms

B. pathogenic for the pest of interest

C. beneficial to agriculture

D. useful for public health programs

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:89

Tissue culture or protoplasts requires a high skill. Assume you have been given necessary facility for protoplast culture. Arrange the following steps in sequence to achieve the goal of culturing the protoplasts.

A. Count the protoplasts and plate

B. Sterile leaf tissue

C. Isolate and purify protoplasts

D. Chop the tissue into fine pieces in neutral buffer or sterile water

E. Incubate in cellulose and pectinase enzyme mixture for 2-3 h

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:90

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: Reduction of molecular nitrogen is highly exergonic reaction. Reason

R: Reaction has high energy of activation due N ≡ N Hence, nitrogen reduction requires large number of ATP molecules.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:91

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Auxin promotes cell division and root differentiation while cytokinins promote growth through regulation of cell division and shoot differentiation.

Statement II: Auxin does not antogonise cytokinin action.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:92

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A: 15-45% PEG (1500-6000 MW) is used for achieving protoplast fusion.

Reason R: PEG is insoluble in water and therefore cannot form hydrogen bond to facilitate bringing together of adjacent protoplasts which in turn spontaneously fuse to form the hybrid.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:93

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: The zygotic embryos and somatic embryos both, typically pass through globular, scutellar and coleoptilar stages.

Statement II: Somatic embryos show secondary embryogenesis and pluricotyledony, which is absent in zygotic embryos.

In the light of the above statements. choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:94

The nitrogen fixation can proceed only at very low oxygen concentrations by action of dinitrogenase because:

QUESTION ID:95

Match List I with List II

QUESTION ID:96

Which of the following is NOT a molecular marker gene for somatic embryogenesis?

QUESTION ID:97

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Gynogenic haploids rather than androgenic haploids are preferred in certain plants for genetic studies and crop improvement.

Statement II: It is certainly preferred in members of Asteraceae, chenopodiaceae and liliaceae which exhibit a poor androgenic response and in cases where androgenesis through albino plants.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:98

Find the statements which are not true for root nodules.

A. Nodule formation is controlled by chemical signals between plants and microbes.

B. Root nodule is a selective parasite between legumes and leguminous bacteria.

C. Leguminous bacteria receive signal molecules like flavonoids and their glycosides from host plant.

D. Legumes also secrete antagonists that promote the flavonoid mediated activation of nodulation genes.

E. nod ABC gene is essential for nodulation and is common to all modulating bacterial species and strains.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:99

Somaclonal variation results from changes in:

A. Chromosome number

B. Chromosome structure

C. DNA methylation

D. Gene mutation

E. Gene amplification

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:100

What influences the development of plant in tissue culture?