Previous Year Questions

QUESTION ID:2

Read the passage very carefully and answer the questions.

Good Med Abroad Is Good Med for Home. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has made it mandatory for all cough syrup exporters to have their product tested and certified for quality at specified government laboratories before shipping out export orders. This is welcome. It will begin to repair the reputational damage over alleged Indian cough syrup-related deaths in some countries last year. Safeguarding quality cannot be limited to some products or to exports. Ensuring quality is the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization's (CDSCO) responsibility, not DGFT's. Setting norms for exports is like applying a band-aid to a wound that requires stitches. CDSCO needs an overhaul. In the current fragmented system, quality and standardization are casualties. A modern, independent, statutory regulatory system that has the capacity to provide oversight to an increasingly complex pharmaceutical industry while protecting public health and patient rights is required. CDSCO is the non-statutory regulator under the health ministry. It has no jurisdiction over State Drug Regulatory Authorities (SDRAs) that are part of state health departments. Each regulatory body acts independent of the other. This must change. The regulatory approach, too, needs to change. Shifting from an overwhelming focus on manufacturing to public health requires putting a doctor in charge, and shifting the regulator with multidisciplinary teams. India is the third-largest pharma manufacturer, meeting 20% of global generic demand. The $41 billion industry is estimated to grow further -$50-65 billion by 2025, and $120-130 billion by 2030. Ensuring all Indian pharma products meets quality standards will help with public health both at home and abroad, while growing India's pharma footprint.

Synonym of the term 'Overhaul'

QUESTION ID:3

Read the passage very carefully and answer the questions.

Good Med Abroad Is Good Med for Home. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has made it mandatory for all cough syrup exporters to have their product tested and certified for quality at specified government laboratories before shipping out export orders. This is welcome. It will begin to repair the reputational damage over alleged Indian cough syrup-related deaths in some countries last year. Safeguarding quality cannot be limited to some products or to exports. Ensuring quality is the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization's (CDSCO) responsibility, not DGFT's. Setting norms for exports is like applying a band-aid to a wound that requires stitches. CDSCO needs an overhaul. In the current fragmented system, quality and standardization are casualties. A modern, independent, statutory regulatory system that has the capacity to provide oversight to an increasingly complex pharmaceutical industry while protecting public health and patient rights is required. CDSCO is the non-statutory regulator under the health ministry. It has no jurisdiction over State Drug Regulatory Authorities (SDRAs) that are part of state health departments. Each regulatory body acts independent of the other. This must change. The regulatory approach, too, needs to change. Shifting from an overwhelming focus on manufacturing to public health requires putting a doctor in charge, and shifting the regulator with multidisciplinary teams. India is the third-largest pharma manufacturer, meeting 20% of global generic demand. The $41 billion industry is estimated to grow further -$50-65 billion by 2025, and $120-130 billion by 2030. Ensuring all Indian pharma products meets quality standards will help with public health both at home and abroad, while growing India's pharma footprint.

According to this paragraph whose duty is to ensure quality of the drugs in India? 

QUESTION ID:4

Generic medicines are:

QUESTION ID:5

Billion means:

QUESTION ID:6

Pick out the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence:

He is done for.

QUESTION ID:7

Rearrange the following parts of a sentence to make a meaningful sentence.

P. much as a common

Q. love, friendship and respect

R. do not unite people as

S. hatred for something

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:8

Identify the part of speech of the underlined word in the following sentence.

You are paying less attention to your studies than you used to do.

QUESTION ID:9

Choose the passive voice of the following sentence.

She looks after the child. 

QUESTION ID:10

Choose the one word for the following: "Possessing unlimited powers."

QUESTION ID:11

Who among the following was an Indian astronomer, mathematician and astrologer who lived in Ujjain in the 6th century AD and was one of the nine jewels (Navratnas) of the court of legendary ruler Yashodharman Vikramaditya of Malwa?

QUESTION ID:12

The first Indian Athlete to win Olympic Gold Medal for India is:

QUESTION ID:13

The Milk produced during the initial few days of 'lactation' is called:

QUESTION ID:14

The caves and rock-cut temples at Ellora belong to which of the following religion(s)?

A. Confucianism

B. Jainism

C. Buddhism

D. Hindu

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:15

Which of the following constitute the electoral college for electing the President of India?

A. Elected members of Lok Sabha

B. Elected members of the Legislative Assembly of each state

C. Elected members of the Legislative Council

D. Elected members of Rajya Sabha

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:16

In a row of students, the position of Vikas from the left side of the row is 18th and the position of Vikas from the right side of the row is 38th. Find the total number of students in the row?

QUESTION ID:17

If for each number in the given options, all their digits are arranged in descending order, which among the following corresponds to the smallest number?

QUESTION ID:18

Statement: No country is absolutely self-dependent these days.

Conclusion: I. It is impossible to grow and produce all that a country needs.

II. The people of the country in general have become lazy. 

QUESTION ID:19

Look at the series: 1224, 612, 204, 102, 34,....... Which one of the following numbers should come next in the series?

QUESTION ID:20

Six friends Arun, Babita, Chandra, Dipika, Ekta and Faria are sitting in a row facing towards North. Chandra is sitting between Arun and Ekta. Dipika is not at the end. Babita is sitting immediate right to Ekta. Faria is not at the right end. Who is at the immediate right of Dipika?

QUESTION ID:21

If the equation 3x²−10x+2p=0 has equal roots then the value of $\mathrm{p\; is\; –}$

QUESTION ID:22

If a certain sum invested on compound interest becomes 3 times in 4 years, then the no. of years in which this sum will become 27 times at the same rate of interest is -

QUESTION ID:23

Two fair dice are thrown. The probability that the number of times the first dice exceeds 3 and that the second exceeds 4 will be:

QUESTION ID:24

The average of 11 numbers is 52. The average of the first 6 numbers is 55 and the average of last 6 numbers is 49. The sixth number is:

QUESTION ID:25

Two trains each of length 250 m start at the same time on two parallel tracks from point A and point B and approached each other with speed of 36 km/hr and 44 km/hr respectively. When they crossed each other, it was found that one train has moved 40 km more than the other. The distance between A and B is:

QUESTION ID:26

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: The chlorophyll deficiency is seen for the seed viability, plant height and tillering and chlorophyll deficiency in the somaclonal variants in rice.

Reason R: The plants obtained after the somaclonal regeneration do not show variations.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:27

Which of the following is NOT a free living, non-symbiotic bacterium?

QUESTION ID:28

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: In potato the selected protoclones display stable improvement of agronomic traits which in turn include the resistance to late blight.

Reason R: The chromosomally normal plants with the characteristics different from the parental lines display an improvement of the agronomic traits.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:29

Virus free plants propagated via tissue culture can easily be tested by -

QUESTION ID:30

Bio Dart, an effective biopesticide is targeted for the crop of -

QUESTION ID:31

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Trichoderma targets the pathogen Fusarium and could be used for the treatment of diseases like damping off.

Statement II: Trichoderma reduces mycoparasites. Trichoderma acts by nutrient solubilisation.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:32

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Protoplasts are plant cells with intact the cell wall, and are most commonly prepared from leaf.

Statement II: Enzymatic isolation of protoplast is more suitable method over mechanical isolation because enzymatic protoplast isolation procedure yields less-damaged high quality and pure protoplast.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:33

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: Heterocysts are specialized cells with thick cell wall without PS II complex.

Reason R: Thick cell wall and No PS II complex prevents the oxygen diffusion into heterocyst, thus facilitates the creation of anoxygenic condition suitable for nitrogenase enzyme.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:34

Trichoderma are mycofungicides. Choose the correct statements :- 

QUESTION ID:35

Anther culture/pollen culture though could be performed successfully but suffers from poor results and make it a lesser preferred method because of

A. High degree of albino formation

B. Androgenic albinos show poor differentiation of grana

C. The 23s are totally lacking

D. The 16s are totally lacking

E. The protein 1 are totally lacking

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:36

Contribution of Edward C. Cocking in the field of Tissue culture is -

QUESTION ID:37

Match List I with List II 

QUESTION ID:38

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: High number of Transaminases are present in microorganisms.

Statement II: Glutamate dehydrogenase and Transaminase work in cooperation under high ammonia concentration and assimilate ammonia in a variety of amino acids.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:39

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: Exogenous application of gibberellic acid GA₃ inhibits the somatic embryogenesis of carrot in non embryogenic callus.

Reason R: Gibberellic acid was isolated from filtrates of cultured fungus, Gibberella fujikuroi.  

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:40

Upon performing micropropagation in Jatropha curcas, it was observed that the callus would repeatedly become brown and die. What could be the most probable reasons: 

QUESTION ID:41

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: Ideal tissue for the plant tissue culture is apical meristem.

Reason R: The viruses are unable to take over control of the host biosynthetic machinery. Auxins in meristems inhibit viruses.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:42

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Abscisic acid antagonizes the growth promoted by Gibberellic acid.

Statement II: Gibberellic acid promote tracheary element differentiation in Jerusalem artichoke while Abscisic acid inhibited induction of tracheary element in callus cultures of J. artichoke.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:43

Microbial application in agriculture involves.

QUESTION ID:44

One of the statements about the hydrogenase is not true

QUESTION ID:45

The chromosomal elimination involves the endonuclease activation and genome specific fragmentation, which leads to:

QUESTION ID:46

Induced fusion of freely isolated protoplasts from different sources could be performed by (One statement is not correct)

QUESTION ID:47

In nature haploidy is controlled by gene/s

QUESTION ID:48

In Vivo production of haploids can not be performed by

QUESTION ID:49

Match List I with List II

QUESTION ID:50

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: After suitable treatment of plant tissue explants with cellulase and macerozyme enzyme mixtures, the protoplasts are isolated and the whole suspension is floated on 21% sucrose and centrifuged to obtain a pure preparation of protoplasts collected at the inter phase.

Reason R: 21% Sucrose in addition to providing a denser medium, also has a higher Osmoticum. This results in preparation of high volume protoplasts.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:51

The conventional method to produce homozygous plants is lengthy and requires 7-8 recurrent cycles of inbreeding. The advantage of the homozygous plants obtained by diploidization of haploids include:

A. Detection of recessive mutants

B. Production of stable homozygous dihaploids

C. Detection of dominant mutants

D. Pollen culture

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:52

Essential step for protoplast development is removal of cell wall without damaging the cell constituents. These cells show following features:

QUESTION ID:53

Multistep conversion of nitrogen to ammonia requires:

QUESTION ID:54

Match List I with List II

QUESTION ID:55

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Shoot meristem culture was first applied to obtain virus free plants.

Statement II: Shoot meristem cultures are potential alternatives to more commonly used methods for cereal regeneration as they are less genotype dependent and are more efficient.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:56

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: In somatic embryogenesis, presence of auxin leads to callus differentiation into proembryonic masses, which develop into only globular stage.

Statement II: Removal of auxin allows the differentiation of proembryonic masses further into globular heart and torpedo stages to form, dicotyledonous embryo.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:57

Trichoderma viride could be used for biocontrol of the pathogen:

QUESTION ID:58

Cybrids are unique cytoplasmic hybrids that could be obtained by using:

A. fusion of normal protoplast from one parent with enucleated protoplast from another.

B. enucleated protoplast can be obtained by irradiation treatment.

C. fusion of protoplast from one parent with the protoplast containing non-viable nuclei.

D. fusion of cells after subjecting both to gamma irradiation.

E. fusion of one normal cell with one of gamma irradiated cell.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:59

Give below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: Callus culture obtained from the infected viral plants can not be raised as free from virus.

Reason R: The virus requires plant cells for replication. It is not able to divide and as the cells continue to divide and increase in number the titre of the virus comes down. The reduction is dependent on the rate of calli division and the time of subculture.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:60

Match List I with List II 

QUESTION ID:61

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: Ploidy levels that are unstable include those where it is lower than that of species. On the other hand the ploidy of higher levels are usually more stable.

Reason R: The ploidy is related with the change in the genetic information inherited by the progeny.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:62

The micropropagation provides the advantage where commercially many forest/fruit, trees, medicinal plants, ornamental crops are propagated. The distinct feature of these plants are:

QUESTION ID:63

A. Quick wilt disease of black pepper could be treated by biocontrol agents.

B. The two fungi genera Trichoderma and Gliocladium are found to be effective.

C. Only Gliocladium is found to be effective.

D. Quick wilt disease treatment by biocontrol agent is cheaper then the chemical method.

E. Only Trichoderma could be used for treatment.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:64

The tissue culture medium commonly used for anther culture is the formulation of

QUESTION ID:65

The most popular media formulation for culture of protoplasts is:

QUESTION ID:66

Crop improvement through tissue culture is possible if the explant regenerates into

A. Callus

B. Roots

C. Leaves

D. Complete plant

E. Shoot

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:67

Which of the following factors do not affects the shoot bud formation?

QUESTION ID:68

Float culture method is a well-established technique for the

QUESTION ID:69

Protoplasts are ideal system for manipulation of cytoplasmic genes and in the making of cybrids. To obtain protoplast one needs to remove the cell wall of plant cells. It can be achieved by treating cells or tissues. 

QUESTION ID:70

Pathogen associated with molecular patterns (PAMPS) are

QUESTION ID:71

The axillary buds :

A. Are preexisting meristems.

B. Have advantage of true to type progeny.

C. Application of cytokinin will stop the growth of axillary buds.

D. Application of cytokinin will enable axillary buds to grow in presence of apical buds.

E. Axillary buds show variation amongst the different plants.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:72

Auxins are involved in many processes associated with plant development. The synthetic auxin include

QUESTION ID:73

Some vitamins are essential components of tissue culture media. They are essentially involved in:

QUESTION ID:74

The method(s) used for somatic cell hybridization are:

A. Electroporation

B. High pH/Ca²⁺

C. PEG

D. Particle bombardment

E. Micro-injection  

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:75

Objective of plant transformation relies on the following except:

QUESTION ID:76

Which of the following essential macronutrient compound is NOT a component of typical plant culture medium?

QUESTION ID:77

Obtaining pure line is an important step in breeding crops. Single Seed Descent (SSD) is the conventionaly used method which takes many years to achieve the objectives.A best shortcut method by Tissue culture could be:

A. Micropropagation

B. Protoplast culture

C. Doubled Haploidy

D. Wide hybridization

E. Transgenesis

Choose the most appropriate answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:78

Present status and future needs for making biopesticides popular requires.

A. Quality of available biopesticides should be improved.

B. Farmer awareness program.

C. Research and Development only in BT and Neem based biopesticides.

D. More research in laboratory with limited field verification.

E. Registration of bioformulation.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:79

The principle objective of micropropagation is

QUESTION ID:80

Jasmonates play important roles in plants. This includes:

QUESTION ID:81

Which of the following is NOT involved in ammonia assimilation at low concentration of ammonia?

QUESTION ID:82

The successful transfer of disease resistance through protoplast fusion is reported in

QUESTION ID:83

Plating density is one of the important factor in the success of protoplast culture. The general plating density employed for protoplast culture is -

QUESTION ID:84

By which of the following methods can protoplast isolation be carried out

A. Protoplast isolation uses mechanical methods.

B. Protoplast isolation uses enzymatic method.

C. Protoplast isolation can be performed by electrofusion.

D. Protoplast isolation can be performed by chemical method.

E. Protoplast isolation was performed for the first time by Cocking in 1960.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:85

Axillary buds from plants could be used for

A. Multiplication using cytokinins.

B. Multiple shoot production from preexisting axillary buds.

C. Multiplication can be achieved by the adventitious bud formation from leaf.

D. Multiplication can be achieved by the adventitious bud formation from stem.

E. Multiplication can be achieved by the adventitious bud formation from petiole.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below :

QUESTION ID:86

The type of explants which commonly gives best regeneration in plant Tissue culture is -

QUESTION ID:87

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Somatic cell hybridization can be used for partial genome transfer from wild plant species to cultivated species.

Statement II: Gamma or X-irradiation of the donor protoplasts results in activation of cytoplasm, which fails to divide.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:88

Elite plants are multiplied for the commercial production of bioactive compounds by -

QUESTION ID:89

Which of the following statements are true:

A. Agrobacterium Tumefaciens has Ti plasmid in its cells.

B. Ti plasmid is responsible for tumor induction in dicot plants.

C. Ti plasmid had T-DNA, which is responsible for the insertion of target gene in the host plant.

D. Tumor inducing genes present in Ti plasmid are retained for infection of the host plants.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:90

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R:

Assertion A: The complementation of the biochemical and the genetic traits of the fusion partners are important features associated with formation of the hybrid cells.

Reason R: The manual and the electronic sorting of the heterokaryon and the hybrid cells are important. Different methods for selection of hybrid cells or their products could include the morphological basis.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:91

In vitro production of haploids is influenced by a number of factors. Which of the following do not influence androgenesis -

QUESTION ID:92

The nodule formation and the influence of various phytochemicals are listed:

A. Cytokinins influence the corticular cellular division in legume roots.

B. Growth pouch experiment was performed to evaluate nodulation.

C. Addition of Zeatin at 1-5 micrograms per liter improves the nodulation.

D. Mechanism underlying the increase in nodulation by cytokinins is well understood.

E. Role of cytokinins in nodulation is not clearly understood.

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:93

Match List I with List II

QUESTION ID:94

Match List I with List II 

QUESTION ID:95

Which of the following is NOT an application of embryo culture.

QUESTION ID:96

Advances in plant biotechnology is assured through fundamental discoveries. These include:

A. Plant gene isolation

B. Plant gene analyses

C. Plant transformation

D. Plant nutritional deficiency

E. Plant environmental studies

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

QUESTION ID:97

Match List I with List II

QUESTION ID:98

Treatment of microspore cultures with which drug results in endoreduplication or endomitosis.

QUESTION ID:99

Protoplasts fusion sequences are given below:

Choose the most appropriate one :

A. Two separate protoplasts → Dumbbell shape → Agglutination → Membrane fusion → spherical heterokaryon → Nuclear fusion

B. Two separate protoplasts → Agglutination → Membrane fusion → Dumbbell shaped stage → spherical heterokaryon → Nuclear fusion (or) Hybrid cell

C. Agglutination → Separate Protoplasts → Dumbbell shape → Membrane fusion → Nuclear fusion → Heterokaryon

D. Two separate protoplasts → Membrane fusion → Agglutination → Dumbbell shaped → Hybrid → Heterokaryon

E. Two separate protoplasts → Heterokaryon → Fusion → Hybrid cell → Dumbbell shaped → Nuclear fusion

Choose the correct answer from the option given below :

QUESTION ID:100

Which of the following is NOT used for surface sterilization of the explant material used in micropropagation?