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QUESTION ID:1

Callus is defined as : 

QUESTION ID:2

The commonly used phytohormone for callus formation is : 

QUESTION ID:3

Plant somatic embryogenesis is a process that forms :

QUESTION ID:4

What is the standard initial cell density for the initiation of a suspension culture ? 

QUESTION ID:5

Which gene is directly associated with shoot apical meristem formation ?

QUESTION ID:6

The coating of synthetic seeds need not to have the following quality for successful field plantation : 

QUESTION ID:7

A virus-free plant could be regenerated from a virus-infected plant mainly through :

QUESTION ID:8

Which of the following combination is effective in the regeneration of plant roots ?

QUESTION ID:9

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : A single plant cell can be regenerated into a complete plantlet.

Reason (R) : Plant cells are totipotent in nature.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : 

QUESTION ID:10

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : The process of somatic embryogenesis involves embryo induction, development and maturation stages.

Reason (R) : Auxin is not required for embryo initiation whereas embryo maturation requires high auxin concentration.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:11

Plant shoot differentiation is a multi-step process which involves :

A. Differentiation of shoot meristem

B. Acquisition of competence to respond to the induction conditions

C. Establishment of shoots

D. Determination to form a specific organ

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:12

Select the correct sequence of events for plant somatic embryogenesis :

A. Production of torpedo stage embryos

B. Initiation of embryogenic callus

C. Formation of globular embryos

D. Production of green cotyledonary stage embryos

Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

QUESTION ID:13

Select the correct sequence of steps involved in the isolation of protoplasts from the mesophyll cells of a plant leaf -

A. Culture of protoplast suspension

B. Infiltration of the enzyme into the leaf tissue

C. Incubate leaf pieces in filter-sterilized enzyme solution

D. Release of mesophyll protoplasts in solution

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:14

In vitro direct organogenesis using leaf explants involves which of the following processes ?

A. Dedifferentiation

B. Embryo formation

C. Callus formation

D. Redifferentiation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:15

Which of the following phytohormone is a derivative of adenine ?

A. BAP

B. ABA

C. NAA

D. TDZ

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:16

Why is the apical meristem tissue usually lacking the presence of plant viruses ?

A. High metabolic activity in meristematic cells

B. Absence of vascular system in the meristem

C. Low endogenous auxin level

D. High concentration of sugar

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:17

Match List - I with List - II.

List - IList - II
A. Nicotinic acidI. Induction of cell division and callus formation
B. CytokininII. Source of organic nitrogen
C. Casein hydrolysateIII. Shoot induction
D. AuxinIV. Vitamin component of MS media
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:18

Match List - I with List - II.

List - IList - II
A. Morel and MartinI. Cultured isolated plant cells in a simple nutrient solution
B. Skoog and MillerII. Formation of embryos from somatic cells
C. HaberlandtIII. Chemical control of organogenesis
D. Steward and ReinertIV. Meristem culture to raise virus-free plants
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:19

Match List - I with List - II.

List - IList - II
A. Potassium nitrateI. Micronutrient
B. Potassium iodideII. Gelling agent
C. ThiamineIII. Vitamin
D. IsabgolIV. Macronutrient
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:20

Which treatment is preferred to develop fertile dihaploid plants generated from pollen culture ?

QUESTION ID:21

After colchicine treatment of a plant regenerated through androgenesis, the derived plant is considered as :

QUESTION ID:22

Gynogenic plant is not produced through :

QUESTION ID:23

The process of developing gynogenic plant from egg cell is called :

QUESTION ID:24

Which plant cells could be cultured to develop haploid plants ?

QUESTION ID:25

How much sucrose is generally required for the initiation of androgenesis in plants ? 

QUESTION ID:26

The main advantage of haploid plants in crop breeding program is :

QUESTION ID:27

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Chromosome number may change under prolonged plant tissue culture regimes.

Reason (R) : Endosperm cells are triploid in nature.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below : 

QUESTION ID:28

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Haploid plants can be produced through in vitro culture of plant gametic cells.

Reason (R) : Accurate phenotyping in plant breeding with double haploidy is possible because of their segregating nature.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:29

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Gynogenic haploids have been developed by determining the optimum stage of male gametophytic development.

Reason (R) : Late uninucleate to trinucleate stage of megaspore development is preferred for the production of gynogenic haploids.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:30

The correct sequence of producing androgenic haploids of Nicotiana tabacum is :

A. Anthers burst to release the pollen derived embryo

B. Collection of flower buds

C. Isolation and growth of plantlets emerging from the anthers

D. Placing the anthers on the MS medium

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:31

For the production of mulberry triploid plants :
A. Wash the roots of plants and transfer them to small pots
B. Culture on MS medium containing BAP and NAA
C. Seed surface sterilization
D. Excision of endosperm

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:32

Haploid production in barley following interspecific hybridization usually involves :
A. Pollen collection and cross pollination
B. Embryo culture
C. Emasculation
D. Colchicine treatment

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:33

Gametoclonal variations from changes in chromosome number/structure may arise due to which of the following :
A. Polyploidy
B. Aneuploidy
C. Translocations and inversions
D. Reduction division

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:34

Haploid embryos are produced in vivo by :
A. Karyogenesis
B. Parthenogenesis
C. Meiosis
D. Pseudogamy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:35

Doubling of the chromosome number may be achieved by :
A. Use of spindle inhibitors
B. Marker-assisted breeding
C. Fusion of unreduced gametes
D. Protoplast fusion

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:36

Match List - I with List - II.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
List - IList - II
A. Homogeneous preparation of pollen during androgenesisI. By mutagenesis or genetic engineering
B. Pollen can be genetically modifiedII. By culture of isolated pollen grains
C. Gametophytic to sporophytic development is studiedIII. By transfer to light regimes
D. Visible pollen embryos are advanced to cellular differentiationIV. By gradient centrifugation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

QUESTION ID:37

Match List - I with List - II.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
List - IList - II
A. Somatic polyploidyI. Dihaploid production
B. Source for haploid productionII. Genetic variations
C. Callus-derived plantsIII. Endoreduplication
D. Chromosome doubling of microspore-driven embryosIV. Uninucleate pollen
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:38

Match List - I with List - II.
Match the following during the process of androgenesis in plant.
List - IList - II
A. InductionI. Nuclear fusion after first androgenic division
B. SegmentationII. Bursting of the pollen wall and embryogenesis
C. DiploidizationIII. Dedifferentiation of pollen cells
D. RegenerationIV. Formation of multicellular structure
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:39

Which of the following mechanism is not causing somaclonal variations ?

QUESTION ID:40

The osmotically fragile protoplasts look completely spherical under microscope in which of the following solution ?

QUESTION ID:41

Which of the following secondary metabolites is not commercially produced in vitro in a plant cell culture system ?

QUESTION ID:42

In most of the somatic hybridization events in plants, which cells are preferred to be used ?

QUESTION ID:43

Which of the following is used for the visual assessment of percentage viability of protoplasts ?

QUESTION ID:44

Which of the following culture type is the most suitable for the generation of somaclonal variations ? 

QUESTION ID:45

Which technique is not used for the analysis of hybrid cells formed by the fusion of two unrelated protoplasts ?

QUESTION ID:46

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : The hybrid cells formed by the fusion of two unrelated diploid protoplasts combine a set of three genomes from the parents.
Reason (R) : Partial or complete elimination of nuclear genome before regeneration leads to the formation of cybrid plants.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:47

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : One of the major limitations of genetic engineering is the difficulty in transferring polygenic traits in plants.
Reason (R) : Cybridization generates novel combinations of nuclear and/or cytoplasmic genomes, which is not possible through sexual hybridization.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:48

Mention the correct sequence of events for the isolation of protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures of rice.
A. Excise yellow/white compact and nudular embryogenic callus
B. Staining with fluorescein diacetate
C. Filter the cell suspension through a nylon sieve
D. Filter the protoplast suspension through sieves
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:49

The steps involved in the process of somatic hybridization are :
A. Regeneration of hybrid plants
B. Fusion of the protoplasts of desired species/varieties
C. Isolation of protoplasts
D. Identification and selection of somatic hybrid cells
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:50

Arrange the given steps for inducing somaclonal variations during androgensis in correct order :
A. Dedifferentiation
B. Diploidization
C. Regeneration
D. Callogenesis
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:51

Which enzymatic treatment is used for the efficient isolation of protoplasts from plant cells ?
A. Pectinase
B. Nitrogenase
C. Cellulase
D. Cellulose synthase
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:52

Which are widely used techniques to fuse plant protoplasts ?
A. Chemical fusion by PEG
B. Electric stimulation
C. High Ca2+-high pH method
D. Particle gun method
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:53

Which of the following are used as osmotic stablizers for the maintenance of protoplasts ?
A. Glucose
B. Mannitol
C. PEG
D. Sorbitol
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:54

Match List - I with List - II.

List - IList - II
A. Loss of genesI. Duplication
B. Alteration of gene orderII. Deletion
C. Gene multiplicationIII. Translocation
D. Movement of chromosome segments to new locationIV. Inversion
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:55

Match List - I with List - II.
Match the following secondary plant products produced in plant cell suspension culture with their sources.

List - IList - II
A. AzadirachtinI. Adhatoda vasica
B. CathinII. Azadirachta indica
C. VasicineIII. Catharanthus rosesus
D. AjmalicineIV. Bruce ajavanica
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:56

Match List - I with List - II.

List - IList - II
A. PectinaseI. Herbicide
B. MannitolII. Stain dead cells
C. PhenosafraninIII. Metabolically inactive sugar
D. AtrazineIV. Degrade middle lamella
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:57

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into which product ?

QUESTION ID:58

Which of the soil bacteria convert ammonium into nitrite ?

QUESTION ID:59

How many ATP molecules are required to produce two NH3 molecules during nitrogen fixation ?

QUESTION ID:60

Which of the following organism is a free living diazotroph ?

QUESTION ID:61

The conversion of ammonia or ammonium ions to nitrite followed by its oxidation to nitrate is called is :

QUESTION ID:62

Which of the following is not a phosphate solubilizing microorganism ?

QUESTION ID:63

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversation of molecular N2 to NH3 ?

QUESTION ID:64

Which is not a free-living asymbiotic nitrogen fixation microorganism ?

QUESTION ID:65

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Uptake of hydrogenase activity is a mechanism of removing hydrogen from the site of nitrogenase activity which concurrently carries out reactions of nitrogen fixation and hydrogen production.
Reason (R) : Acetylene reduction technique is a common method of measuring nitrogenase activity.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:66

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : Manure is an organic substance that is obtained from decomposition of vegetable and animal waste.
Reason (R) : Manure is readily soluble in water thus it is absorbed by plants quickly.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:67

The steps involved in the process of soyabean root nodule formation are :
A. Bacteria emits signals to stimulate root hairs to elongate
B. Cortex and pericycle cells begin division
C. Roots emits signals to attract Rhizobium
D. Bacteria within vesicles develop into bacteroids
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:68

Find the correct order for the conversion of organic form of nitrogen into inorganic form by soil microorganisms.
A. Formation of nitrites
B. Formation of ammonia
C. Formation of free nitrogen
D. Formation of nitrates
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:69

Mention the correct sequence of the formation of compounds during biological nitrogen fixation.
A. Hydrazine
B. Nitrogen
C. Ammonia
D. Diamide
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:70

Which inorganic form(s) of nitrogen do plants assimilate ?
A. Amino acids
B. NH4+
C. NO3-
D. NO2-
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:71

Which factors do show considerable influence on the activity of nitrogenase enzyme during N2 fixation ?
A. Molybdenum
B. Molecular H2
C. Boron
D. Leghemoglobin
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:72

Which are the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bio-fertilizers ?
A. Rhizobium
B. Azotobacter
C. Azospirillum
D. Azollae
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:73

Match List - I with List - II.

List - IList - II
A. NostocI. Anaerobic
B. AzotobacterII. Photosynthetic anaerobe
C. ClostridiumIII. Aerobic
D. ChromatiumIV. Heterocyst
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:74

Match List - I with List - II.

List - IList - II
A. nif genesI. Formation of root nodules
B. nod genesII. Maintenance of N2-fixation
C. fix genesIII. Functional hydrogenase
D. hup genesIV. Functional nitrogenase
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:75

Match List - I with List - II.

List - IList - II
A. Bacillus and PseudomonasI. Symbiotic biofertilizer
B. AzotobacterII. Phosphate absorber
C. Mycorrhizal fungiIII. Free living biofertilizer
D. RhizobiumIV. Phosphate solubilizer
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :