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Previous Year Questions

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QUESTION ID:1

Degradation by lysosomes involves

QUESTION ID:2

Protein misfolding is NOT prevented by 

QUESTION ID:3

Which of the following statements regarding the proteolytic action of trypsin is correct? 

QUESTION ID:4

The cells of Triticum aestivum and Rana tigrina differ in the presence or absence of

QUESTION ID:5

Which of the following is responsible for the transport of ground water from roots to the apex of a 40-feet high Eucalyptus trees? (DROP)

QUESTION ID:6

Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?

QUESTION ID:7

Which of the following amino acids contains a Sulphur atom? 

QUESTION ID:8

Which of the following polysaccharides has the maximum number of branches? 

QUESTION ID:9

Which of the following is the least reactive functional group

QUESTION ID:10

Which of the following biomolecules contains cobalt?

QUESTION ID:11

How many structural isomers are possible for a chemical compound of the molecular formula C3H7Cl?

QUESTION ID:12

Which of the following is NOT a property of phenols?

QUESTION ID:13

Absorbance (A) as measured by a spectrophotometer is defined by the following equation


where, (I0) is the intensity of the incident light, and (I) is the intensity of the transmitted light. For a sample that absorbs at a particular wavelength, why is the absorbance at that wavelength a positive number?

QUESTION ID:14

Match List I with List II

List IList II
Metal/Non-metalPhysical property
A. IodineI. Metal, which is poor conductor of heat
B. MercuryII. Very soft metal, which can be cut with a knife
C. LeadIII. Non-metal, which has lusture
D. PotassiumIV. Metal, liquid at room temperature
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

QUESTION ID:15

NH3 molecules have ________________ geometry and ________________ shape.

QUESTION ID:16

How much volume of 1 M NaOH solution should be taken to prepare 1000 mL of 0.2 M NaOH solution? 

QUESTION ID:17

Three wheels can complete 40, 24 and 15 revolution per minute, respectively. There is a red spot on each wheel that touches the ground at time zero. After how much time, all these spots will simultaneously touch the ground again?

QUESTION ID:18

A wheel makes 2000 revolutions in covering a distance of 88 km. The radius of the wheel is

QUESTION ID:19

Mohan spends 20% of his monthly income on education of his children, 50% of the remaining income on food and 50% of the still remaining income on house rent and transport. If he now has Rs. 2,000 left with him, what is his monthly income?

QUESTION ID:20

A fixed number of workers were originally assigned to complete a piece of work in 32 days. But 10 workers remained absent throughout, so the work was completed in 40 days. How many workers were originally assigned the work?

QUESTION ID:21

The present ratio of the ages of two girls is 4 : 5. After 2 years, the ratio will become 6 :7. The ratio of their ages after 10 years will be

QUESTION ID:22

If cotA =  and cosecB = 2. The value of A + B will be

QUESTION ID:23

A train is moving at an average speed of 200/9 m/sec. It covers a distance of 1760 km in one day (24 h). It has stoppage during its 24 h journey at 6 stations for the same period of time. What is the time for which it stops at each station? 

QUESTION ID:24

In the give figure, POQ is a straight line. What is the value of x?

QUESTION ID:25

Average monthly salary of the total 800 workers in a factory is Rs. 600. Average monthly salary of officers of the factory is Rs. 2,500, but average monthly salary of other workers is Rs. 500. Find the number of workers in the factory?

QUESTION ID:26

Find the missing number (?) in the series shown in the diagram starting from 6 in clockwise manner. 


QUESTION ID:27

If "ALONG is coded as "DIRKJ' and 'BELOW' is coded as 'EBOLZ', then consider the following two statements.

Statement I : 'ABOVE' will be coded as 'DYRSH'.
Statement II : 'ASIDE' will be coded as 'DUFGH'.

In the light of above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:28

Thirty-six vehicles are parked in a parking lot in a single row. After the first car, there is one scooter. After the second car, there are two scooters and after the third car three scooters and so on. How many scooters are there in the second half of the row?

QUESTION ID:29

Two students went to a shop. First student bought two pens and five pencils. Second student bought three pens and three pencils. They both paid the same amount of Rs. 18. If the prices of the pen and pencil were whole number, what is the price of one pencil in rupees?

QUESTION ID:30

There are 50 students in a class. Some students are studying only English, while some are studying only Hindi. 15 students are studying both languages. If the total number of students who are studying English are 22, then, how many students are studying only Hindi and only English?

QUESTION ID:31

Two cars, A and B, start from the opposite points of a road, which is 200 km long. Car A runs for 30 km and takes a right turn and then runs for 20 km and then turns left and runs for 35 km. It again first turns left and then right to reach at a point on the same road. In the meantime, due to minor breakdown, car B has run only 30 km along the road and stopped. What would be the distance between the two cars at this point, when car A again enters the road?

QUESTION ID:32

If circle is to circumference, then square is to

QUESTION ID:33

Give below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : An electric bulb makes a 'bang' when it is broken.
Reason R : The air inside the bulb rushes out immediately on breaking.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:34

Student 'A' and student 'B' are ranked 10th and 15th positions, respectively, from the top in a class of 50 students. What will be their respective ranks from the bottom in the class?

QUESTION ID:35

If seventh day of a month is three days earlier than Friday, what day will be on the nineteenth day of the month?

QUESTION ID:36

Five boys, A, B, C, D and E, participated in a race. B finished the race before C, but after A. A finished race before E and D. D finished the race after C, but before E. Who finished the race at the third place?

QUESTION ID:37

Out of the four words given below, three are alike in some manner. Choose the odd one out.

QUESTION ID:38

Arrange the following words in a meaningful sequence.
A. Chair
B. Furniture
C. Forest
D. Wood
E. Trees
Identify which of the following sequence is most appropriate in this regard?

QUESTION ID:39

Anita, Ram’s daughter, says to Mala that your mother Neeta is the younger sister of my father, who is the third child of Sohan. What is Sohan’s relation with Mala?

QUESTION ID:40

Find the missing term (?) in the alpha numeric series, M3R, J6T, ? , D15X, A21Z.

QUESTION ID:41

Find the next number (?) in the series, 6, 13, 25, 51, 101, ?

QUESTION ID:42

Watt is related to 'Power' in the same way as 'Pascal' is related to

QUESTION ID:43

You are given a statement followed by two assumptions, numbered I and II. You have to consider the statement and the assumptions and decide which assumptions is implicit in the statement.

Statement : If he works hard, he will pass the examination.
Assumption I : To pass he must work hard.
II : He will pass the examination.

QUESTION ID:44

In the given diagram, three categories of population are represented. The triangle represents doctors, the square represents married persons, and the circle represent the person living in nuclear families.

Married person living in nuclear families, but not working as doctor are represented by

QUESTION ID:45

What will be the next image in the following sequence?


QUESTION ID:46

Find then missing number (?) by starting from the top number moving in the clockwise direction.


QUESTION ID:47

Which of the following position of a box can be seen when the given sheet in fig(x) is folded to form a box?


Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

QUESTION ID:48

Match List I with  List II.

List IList II
WordWater image
A. STOPI. bOƧ⊥
B. POTSII. ⊥ObƧ
C. POSTIII. Ƨ⊥Ob
D. TOPSIV. bO⊥Ƨ
Choose the correct answer from the options given below : 

QUESTION ID:49

Who is the heaviest among A, B, C, D and E, if C is heavier than B and E but lighter than D, and D is not the heaviest? 

QUESTION ID:50

If 1st March of a year is Monday, then which day will it be on the same date of the following year, given that the following year is a leap year?

QUESTION ID:51

Which of the following organisms is used in production of citric acid at industrial scale? 

QUESTION ID:52

Arrange the following in the decreasing energy content (kCal/g)
A. Petrol
B. Ethanol
C. Butanol
D. Hydrogen

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:53

Which of the following statement are correct for RuBisCO?
A. It is found only in green plants and algae.
B. It is a bifunctional enzyme.
C. It catalyzes the binding of CO2 to 3-phosphoglycerate.
D. It is involved in electron transport in plants.
E. It catalyzes the binding of CO₂ to rubulose-1, 5-bisphosphate.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:54

An increase in pH of the broth during yeast fermentation can be due to
A. catabolite repression.
B. use of amino acids as the carbon source.
C. excess glucose concentration in the medium.
D. reduced oxygen levels.
E. low residual glucose in the medium.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:55

Which of the following is NOT a product of anaerobic metabolism?

QUESTION ID:56

Amongst the potatoes purchased by you, one looks green. Which of the following is true for the green potato? 

QUESTION ID:57

When metaphase chromosomes are briefly subjected to mild heat or proteolysis, G bands are detectable by

QUESTION ID:58

Which of the following statements is NOT true for transposable elements?

QUESTION ID:59

The chloride-bicarbonate exchanger of the erythrocyte membrane is a/an

QUESTION ID:60

In comparison to covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds are

QUESTION ID:61

What is the role of sigma factor in prokaryotic transcription?

QUESTION ID:62

Cells expressing fluorescent proteins can be isolated by

QUESTION ID:63

The genetically inheritable information is stored in

QUESTION ID:64

Which among the following is NOT an organelle?

QUESTION ID:65

Which among the following is NOT known to be a second messenger?

QUESTION ID:66

Controlled trials, demonstrating efficacy of a drug or a device necessary for federal regulatory approval, are termed as

QUESTION ID:67

The ability to taste the compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is controlled by a dominant allele 'T'. Individuals homozygous for the recessive allele 't' are unable to taste PTC. In a class of 100 students, 84 can taste PTC and rest cannot. If the population follows Hardy-Weinberg law, the frequency of the heterozygotes in the population would be

QUESTION ID:68

Anaphase promoting complex, or cyclosome (APC/C) catalyzes the ubiquitylation and destruction of 'securin' that leads to the

QUESTION ID:69

Which of the following is the most abundant biomolecule on planet earth?

QUESTION ID:70

Which of the following is NOT correct about the Circular dichroism spectroscopy?

QUESTION ID:71

β-oxidation of fatty acids takes place in 

QUESTION ID:72

Okazaki fragments are formed during

QUESTION ID:73

Which of the following amino acids generally destabilize α-helices in proteins?

QUESTION ID:74

A student is purifying an unknown protein from a newly identified organism. Arrange the following steps in a technically logical sequence that the student must follow.
A. Ion-exchange chromatography
B. Salting out
C. Affinity chromatography
D. Size-exclusion chromatography.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:75

Which of the following amino acids has an aromatic side chain?

QUESTION ID:76

Which of the following amino acids has the highest molecular weight?

QUESTION ID:77

Which of the following components are required for making carbonate buffers?

QUESTION ID:78

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, and gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from pyruvate. The intermediates involved in these two pathways are the same, but only some of the reactions are reversible, and those are catalyzed by the same enzymes. Which of the following steps is catalyzed by two different enzymes for the two pathways?

QUESTION ID:79

Choose the INCORRECT statement from the following

QUESTION ID:80

Given below two statements :
Statement I : Different cyclins activate CDKs at different cell cycle stages.
Statement II : Each CDK is degraded at the end of the cell cycle phase, where it functions.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:81

Arrange the following components of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling system in the correct order of their functioning.
A. cAMP
B. PKA
C. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
D. Adenylate cyclase
E. Epinephrine

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:82

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : The early eukaryotic cells engulfed aerobic bacteria (endosymbiosis) and made it part of the cell body, which eventually became the present-day mitochondria.
Reason R : Such engulfment of aerobic bacterium was just a coincidence without any specific evolutionary objective.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:83

Choose the INCORRECT statement about biological membranes

QUESTION ID:84

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the structural stability of proteins from the following.

QUESTION ID:85

Match List I and List II

List I: Type of transposonsList II: Examples
A. DNA transposons, autonomousI. Copia
B. Non-LTR, nonautonomousII. P element
C. LTR, autonomousIII. Tn 10
D. DNA transposons, nonautonomousIV. Alu
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:86

Match List I and List II


List I (Enzymes)List II (Product)
A. RNA polymerase I

I. 5S rRNA

B. RNA polymerase II

II. Ribosomal RNAs

C. RNA polymerase IV

III. Nuclear pre-mRNAs

D. RNA polymerase III

IV. siRNAs

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:87

Match List I and List II


List I (Receptors)List II (Ligands)

A. TLR1

I. Single-stranded RNA

B. TLR3

II. Flagellin

C. TLR7

III. Triacyl lipopeptides

D. TLR5

IV. Double-stranded RNA

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:88

Match List I and List II


List I (Protein Translation Factor)List II (Function)
A. IF3

I. Binds GTP; bring aminoacyl tRNA to the A site of the ribosome

B. EF-Tu

II. Stimulates translocation; GTP-dependent

C. RF1

III. Binds to 30S subunit and prevents aminoacyl tRNA from binding to the A site prematurely

D. EF-G

IV. Catalyzes release of polypeptide chain from tRNA and dissociation of the translocation complex

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:89

Match List I and List II


List I (Proteins)List II (Ligand)

A. Protein A

I. Glycoprotein with α-D-mannopyranosyl and α-D-glucopyranosyl residues

B. Avidin

II. Glycoprotein with N-acetyl-α-D-galactopyranosyl residues

C. Concanavalin A

III. Fc of Immunoglobulins

D. Soybean lectin

IV. Biotin containing enzymes

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:90

Match List I and List II


List IList II

A. Alginate

I. Glycosamino-glycan

B. Chondroitin sulphate

II. Polysaccharide

C. Hyaluronic acid

III. Protein

D. Collagen

IV. Non-sulphated glycosamino-glycon

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:91

A DNA sequence was synthesized such that the probability of each of the four nucleotides (A, T, C and G) occurring is 'equal'. What is the probability of finding a contiguous patch of the sequence 'GATA'?

QUESTION ID:92

EST stands for

QUESTION ID:93

Gene Ontology (GO) is a protein function classification system based on the assignment of categories under three main terms. These three are a combination of

QUESTION ID:94

Which of the following is the most appropriate chromatography method to resolve a mixture of non-interacting proteins of molecules weights, 20 kDa, 50 kDa, 65 kDa and 95 kDa?

QUESTION ID:95

Multiple lag phase of microbial growth may be observed when the medium contains more than one carbon source. It is known as

QUESTION ID:96

What happens to the viscosity of Newtonian fluid if the agitation rate of fermentation broth is increased?

QUESTION ID:97

During transition to flowering, the shoot apical meristem

QUESTION ID:98

Which of the following class of compounds has bonds other than carbon-carbon bonds?

QUESTION ID:99

An amino acid can act as both a base and an acid. At the isoelectric point (pI) the amino acid has no net change. Which of the following statements is generally true?

QUESTION ID:100

The approximate number of amino acids present in a protein of molecular weight 55000 Dalton will be

QUESTION ID:101

Match List I and List II


List I (Bacteria)List II (Disease)

A. Chlamydia

I. Syphilis

B. Ureaplasma

II. Gonorrhea

C. Neisseria

III. Urethritis

D. Treponema

IV. Cervicitis

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:102

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

QUESTION ID:103

Given below are two statements :

Statement I : If either parent carries a mutant Huntinton's disease allele, each of his or her children has a 50 percent chance of inheriting the mutant allele and being affected by Huntington's disease.

Statement II: Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:104

Galactosemia is a genetic disease characterized by the inability to convert galactose to glucose. Infants develop cataracts that are caused by the deposition of a galactose metabolite in the lens. Identify the metabolite from the following.

QUESTION ID:105

In the neurogenerative condition called Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid-beta peptide is excised from the transmembrane amyloid-beta precursor protein through the actions of two membrane-anchored proteolytic enzymes. These enzymes are

QUESTION ID:106

Which of the following organisms belongs to Risk group III as per Biosafety guidelines?

QUESTION ID:107

Match List I with List II

List I (Antibiotic)List II (Molecular target)
A. Vancomycin

I. 50S subunit of ribosome

B. Chloramphenicol

II. 30S subunit of ribosome

C. Rifampicin

III. Peptidoglycan

D. Streptomycin

IV. RNA Polymerase

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:108

Which of the following does NOT play a role in herd immunity?

QUESTION ID:109

Which of the following cells bridges innate and adaptive immunity?

QUESTION ID:110

Live attenuated vaccines are considered better as they induce

QUESTION ID:111

From the following, identify the correct statement about bacterial growth during the batch culture. (DROP)

QUESTION ID:112

The present day tetanus vaccine is composed of

QUESTION ID:113

Which of the following diseases has been eradicated using live attenuated vaccine? 

QUESTION ID:114

Induction of Cytotoxic T-cells during a viral infection contributes to 

QUESTION ID:115

Cervical cancer is caused by

QUESTION ID:116

In 1926, the German scientist Otto Loewi performed a key experiment to show that electrical information can be transferred from one neuron to the next by means of chemical signaling. The identified chemical originally referred to as “vagus substance,” was later shown to be

QUESTION ID:117

Synaptic vesicles transport 

QUESTION ID:118

Medial geniculate nuclei projects to 

QUESTION ID:119

Which of the following statements about autosomal recessive inheritance is correct? 

QUESTION ID:120

Most frequent autosomal trisomy in humans is found for which of the following chromosomes?

QUESTION ID:121

The comprehensive database on rice genome sequence and modifications is 

QUESTION ID:122

Which of the following compounds can elicit the production of secondary metabolites in plants? 

QUESTION ID:123

Peroxidase used as marker enzyme in immunoassays, is derived from

QUESTION ID:124

For the transformation of filamentous fungi, vector DNA is added to the protoplast suspension in the presence of 

QUESTION ID:125

The reporter gene, whose expression is measured in the yeast transformation, in a Yeast Two Hybrid screening is

QUESTION ID:126

The native CRISPR/Cas system is NOT involved in 

QUESTION ID:127

Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals responsible for the

QUESTION ID:128

Natural source of vinblastine is

QUESTION ID:129

Ti plasmids do NOT contain (DROP) 

QUESTION ID:130

GFP was originally identified in 

QUESTION ID:131

Which of the following is a broad-spectrum herbicide? 

QUESTION ID:132

The intellectual property rights of Mysore betel leaf are protected under

QUESTION ID:133

Which of the following is NOT a common component of the plant cell wall? 

QUESTION ID:134

One set of Arabidopsis seedlings was grown in dark and the other was grown in light. Which of the following are normally expected?
A. Dark-grown seedlings have short hypocotyl, while light-grown seedlings have elongated hypocotyl.
B. Dark-grown seedings have elongated hypocotyl, while light-grown seedlings have short-hypocotyl.
C. Apical hooks are found only in light-grown seedlings.
D. Apical hooks are found only in dark-grown seedlings.   

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

QUESTION ID:135

Following are statements regarding the three types of C4 photosynthetic plants, namely NADP+-malic enzyme type, NAD+-malic enzyme type and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase type. Identify the correct statements.
A. Malate is transported form bundle-sheath cell to mesophyll cell both in NADP+- and NAD+-malic enzyme types.
B. Malate is produced from oxaloacetate in the bundle-sheath cell in NAD+- malic enzyme type.
C. Phosphoenolpyruvate is formed in the mesophyll cells both in NADP+ - and NAD+ -malic enzyme types.
D. In phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase type, alanine is transported from mesophyll cells to bundle-sheath cells, while aspartate is transported from bundle-sheath cells to mesophyll cells.   

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

QUESTION ID:136

Following are the statements regarding the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Identify the correct statements.
A. Pheophytin receives electrons from P680 and transfers to the plastoquinone QA.
B. Pheophytin receives electrons from P680 and transfers to plastocyanin.
C. Plastocyanin receives electrons from P700 and transfers to PSI.
D. Cytochrome b6f complex receives electrons from plastoquinone and transfers to plastocyanin.   

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

QUESTION ID:137

Which of the following compounds are the substrates for stachyose biosynthesis?

QUESTION ID:138

The phenomenon of seedling formation from immature embryo in culture conditions without completing normal seed development is referred to as

QUESTION ID:139

Bar gene conferring resistance to bialaphos and phosphinothricin was isolated from

QUESTION ID:140

DELLAs and PIFs are known to act antagonistically during seedling photomorphogenesis. Given below are four statements about their antagonistic activity. Identify the correct statements.
A. In dark, DELLA proteins are degraded by higher accumulation of gibberellic acid.
B. PIF proteins are active during dark resulting in the expression of the genes responsible for etiolated seedling development.
C. PIFs are activated in light by the expression of DELLA proteins.
D. DELLA proteins are stabilized in light.   

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

QUESTION ID:141

The administered dose of a drug is 250 mg and the amount of drug excreted is 125 mg. The amounts of the drug removed as metabolite 1 and metabolite 2 are 75 mg and 50 mg respectively and the elimination half-life of the drug is 4 h. What will be the excretion rate constant (h-1) for metabolite 2?

QUESTION ID:142

A 20-year-old patient weighing 60 kg was prescribed an antiepileptic drug for generalized seizures. The pharmacokinetic parameters and therapeutic plasma concentration of the selected drug are : Target steady-state plasma concentration (Cpss) = 6 mg/L; Oral bioavailability (F) =70%; Volume of distribution (V) = 1.4 L/kg; Clearance (CL) = 80 mL/h/kg; Plasma half-life (t½) = 15h. What should be the loading dose of the drug (in mg) for this patient?

QUESTION ID:143

Which of the following organic compounds is responsible for the characteristic odor of garlic?

QUESTION ID:144

If 10 ml of 10% sucrose solution is mixed with 20 ml of 20% sucrose solution, What will be the sucrose concentration of final product?

QUESTION ID:145

What will be the degree of reduction (γ) for the given reaction, which indicates redox half reaction for glucose?

C6H12O6 + 12H2O →  6HCO3- + 30H+ + 24e-

QUESTION ID:146

Match List I with List II

List IList II
A. Streptomyces verticulus
I. Aflatoxin

B. Aspergillus flavous
II. Vinegar

C. Acetobacter aerogenes
III. Bleomycin

D. Trichoderma reesie
IV. Cellulase

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:147

Bacillus subtilis is growing in a 1000 dm3 bioreactor with a doubling time of 0.23h. What should be the ideal flow rate (dm3h-1) of the feed to maintain continuous fermentation?  

QUESTION ID:148

The organisms to be used in single cell protein production should have the following properties
A. Absence of pathogenicity and toxicity
B. High carbohydrate and low protein content
C. Poor digestibility
D. Inexpensive media requirements
E. Strains which can grow at wider range of temperatures   

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:149

What happens when a culture reaches quasi steady state in fed batch fermentation?

QUESTION ID:150

This plot indicates behavior of a population of bacterial spores subjected to a lethal temperature over a time period of 5 min. Initial population increase seen in this plot is likely due to

A. heat activation of spores.

B. heat induced lysis of bacterial cells.

C. insufficiency of temperature for killing heat sensitive bacterial cells.

D. the death of spores being compensated by the heat activation of spores.

E. induction of spore germination.   

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:151

Identify the bioreactor in the image given below.


QUESTION ID:152

Respiratory Quotient is defined by

QUESTION ID:153

Final purification step is necessitated by the extremely high purity required of many bioproducts, particularly pharmaceuticals. It is achieved by

QUESTION ID:154

Enzyme capable of hydrolyzing α-(1-4) linkages of polygalacturonic acid to produce oligogalacturonans and galacturonic acid is

QUESTION ID:155

Seed priming to elevated temperatures is achieved by

QUESTION ID:156

Which of the following decreases the heat transfer coefficient for the culture broth in a bioreactor?

QUESTION ID:157

A continuous bioreactor with constant volume operating under steady state, where feed flow rate controls the specific growth rate of the cells, is called as

QUESTION ID:158

Which of the following equations best describes the power (P) required for a given stirrer speed to propel the medium in the cylindrical bioreactor? (N is impeller rotational speed and M is torque)

QUESTION ID:159

What is the carbon conversion coefficient in microbial cell growth?

QUESTION ID:160

Transplastomic expression of foreign proteins of bacterial origin are favored, because plastids

QUESTION ID:161

Freeze-drying is commonly used for heat-sensitive materials such as enzymes. Which of the following statements is correct with respect to freeze-drying?
A. It is performed below the triple point of water under negative pressure.
B. It has a primary and secondary drying step.
C. It can be performed under normal atmospheric pressure, if the material to be dried is frozen.
D. The solvent from the frozen enzyme solution is directly converted to vapor without undergoing the liquid stage.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:162

Match List I with List II

List IList II
A. StreptococcusI. Production of yoghurt
B. ThiobacillusII. Production of lactic acid
C. BifidobacteriumIII. Production of dextrans
D. LeuconostocIV. Leaching of minerals
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

QUESTION ID:163

Ultra-high temperature (UHT) sterilization of food products is done for the destruction of microbes, while preserving the nutritional properties of the final products. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the UHT process?

QUESTION ID:164

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT related to movement of moisture (mass transfer) through the food matrix during drying?

QUESTION ID:165

Following is a list of factors that may contribute to the highly perishable nature of sea food. Identify the correct factors.
A. Near neutral pH of the seafood
B. Presence of antimicrobial substances
C. Rich in nutrients
D. High degree of available water in seafood

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:166

Two duplicated genes show differential expression pattern between different cell types? What process does it refer to?

QUESTION ID:167

Given below are two statements about the effect of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) based on its location.
Statement I : A frameshift mutation can lead to different function of the encoded protein
Statement II : A frameshift mutation can lead to a truncated protein

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:168

Which of the following statements is correct about paralogs?

QUESTION ID:169

The Area Under Curve (AUC) measures

QUESTION ID:170

Within a protein network, hub proteins are those that occur at

QUESTION ID:171

What is the fundamental difference between distance-based and character-based methods of construction of phylogenetic tree?

QUESTION ID:172

What does a high N50 length of a genome assembly generally imply?

QUESTION ID:173

Which of the following databases is comprised of conserved protein families constructed based on Hidden Markov Models?

QUESTION ID:174

Given below are two statements about Principal Components Analysis (PCA) in a gene expression analysis experiment.
Statement I : PCA represents the relatedness of samples in an unsupervised fashion.
Statement II : PCA provides the degree of variance along each principal component axis.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:175

Clustering in a gene expression analysis via RNA-seq experiment refers to

QUESTION ID:176

Match List I with List II

List IList II
A. NGS dataI. FASTA
B. Genome assemblyII. GFF
C. Read alignmentIII. FASTQ
D. Genome annotationIV. BAM
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:177

Which of the following terms does NOT represent a gene ontology category type?

QUESTION ID:178

Which BLOSUM or PAM matrix is best suited to compare two distantly related proteins?

QUESTION ID:179

Compared to proteins, RNA structures are relatively dynamic due to the lack of

QUESTION ID:180

TBLASTX is used for similarity search between

QUESTION ID:181

FASTQ file format starts with the symbol 

QUESTION ID:182

Which of the following e-values represents the most significant alignment in a BLAST search output?

QUESTION ID:183

Which of the following is best used to determine the extent of similarity between the predicted structure of a protein and the experimentally determined structure of its ortholog?

QUESTION ID:184

An unknown double-stranded DNA sequence can be translated in how many frames? 

QUESTION ID:185

What will be the correct cDNA sequence for the mRNA, AUGCAAGAUUUAC?

QUESTION ID:186

Match List I with List II

List IList II
A. Alzheimer's diseaseI. Prion
B. Type 2 diabetesII. Alpha-synuclein
C. Parkinson's diseaseIII. Islet amyloid polypeptide
D. Bovine spongiform encephalopathyIV. Tau protein
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:187

In a venomous snake, the toxin is synthesized in the venom gland cells and then secreted into the venom duct. What is the sequence of organelles in which the toxin would go through for synthesis and transport?
A. Plasma membrane
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. cis-Golgi
E. trans-Golgi

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:188

In vertebrate muscles, the myosin protein functions as a

QUESTION ID:189

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : High blood glucose elicits the release of insulin, which lowers the blood glucose levels
Reason R : Insulin binds glucose and speeds up its degradation

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:190

Given below are two statements.
Statement I : Isozymes have similar structural forms, but catalyze different reactions.
Statement II : Isozymes have different structural forms, but catalyze the same reaction.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:191

Given below are two statements.
Statement I : Micro-organisms and macro-organisms in water bodies transform metallic mercury, inorganic divalent mercury, phenylmercury, and alkoxyalkylmercury into methylmercury.
Statement II : During transformation to methylmercury, the inorganic mercury ions are precipitated to insoluble mercury sulfide in the presence of hydrogen sulfide under anaerobic condition.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below

QUESTION ID:192

Which of the following two statements is/are correct?
Statement I : A nuclear power plant is a part of the nuclear fuel cycle that includes the mining of uranium, processing and enriching it to make fuel for using it in a reactor. The nuclear waste is then safely stored until its radioactivity falls to safe levels.
Statement II : The storing time of nuclear waste for falling of its radioactivity levels to safe level is between 100-120 years.

QUESTION ID:193

Waste water treatment processes bring changes in concentration of a specific substance by moving it either into or out of the waste water itself. This process is termed as

QUESTION ID:194

Large number of infectious diseases are transmitted by water-borne pathogenic microbes, bacteria, viruses and protozoans. Which of the following is/are common water-borne protozoa?
A. Legionella
B. Giardia lamblia
C. Yersinia enterocolitica
D. Clostridium botulinum

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:195

Km (apparent) of immobilized enzymes is usually 

QUESTION ID:196

Arrange these bacterial groups based on the increasing order of their temperature tolerance.
A. Thermophiles
B. Mesophiles
C. Extreme thermophiles
D. Psychrophiles

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:197

Arrange the following environments of the oceans sequentially from surface to bottom.
A. Mesopelagic
B. Abyssopelagic
C. Epipelagic
D. Bathypelagic
E. Hadopelagic

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

QUESTION ID:198

Microorganisms that are capable of surviving high degree of hydrostatic pressure in the dep oceans are known as

QUESTION ID:199

Which of the following bacterium is an ideal candidate for use as probiotic in aquaculture?

QUESTION ID:200

Which of the following is the most abundant bacteria in the Indian ocean?