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QUESTION ID:1

The membrane of mature B cells have

QUESTION ID:2

An amino-acid has one proton donating group in the side chain (R). The pKCOOH, pKNH2 and pKR values for this amino-acid are 2.19, 9.67 and 4.25, respectively. Which one of the following statements about this amino-acid is CORRECT?

QUESTION ID:3

Which one of the following bacterial toxins does NOT have ADP-ribosyl transferase activity?

QUESTION ID:4

The CORRECT pair of amino-acid sequence and the corresponding target organelle is

QUESTION ID:5

β-oxidation of a 16 carbon fatty acid and a 17 carbon fatty acid leads to formation of

QUESTION ID:6

Pick the correctly matched pairs.
P. Immature B cells — Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
Q. Activated B cells — Class switching
R. Pre B cells — Surrogate light chain
S. Mature B cells — Recombination activating gene 1

QUESTION ID:7

The actual free energy change of a given biochemical reaction carried out under standard conditions with 1 M initial concentration of each of the reactants and products will be

QUESTION ID:8

Match the enzymes in Group I with their corresponding activity in Group II


QUESTION ID:9

Match the antibiotics in Group I with their mechanism of action in Group II

QUESTION ID:10

The kinetics of an enzyme in the presence (+I) or absence (-I) of a reversible inhibitor is described in the following graph.
If concentration of the reversible inhibitor in +I experiment was equal to 3.0 × 10–3 M, then the dissociation constant for the enzyme-inhibitor complex is

QUESTION ID:11

The figure below is a schematic of a linear double stranded DNA containing the indicated restriction sites. The DNA was completely digested with PvuII and EcoRI. The products were purified and added to an appropriately buffered reaction mixture containing dNTP mix, α-32P dATP, and Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I. The Klenow reaction products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Which of the following products depicts the expected result?

QUESTION ID:12

The swollen base of a petiole is known as

QUESTION ID:13

An estimate of phylogenetic relationships among the taxa is commonly represented in the form of a

QUESTION ID:14

Parenchyma cells associated with sieve tube members are called

QUESTION ID:15

Cytoplasmic male sterility via the chloroplast genome can be induced by the expression of Pha A gene encoding

QUESTION ID:16

The number of nucleosomes present in a 30 nm solenoid structure of a chromatin is

QUESTION ID:17

Which one of the following performs normal C3 photosynthesis when water is available, but switches to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) during salt or drought stress?

QUESTION ID:18

Which one of the following is a free-living photosynthetic nitrogen fixer?

QUESTION ID:19

Carbon dioxide and other ‘greenhouse gases’ act by

QUESTION ID:20

Which of the following best represents the flow of energy through an ecosystem?

QUESTION ID:21

Which one of the following drugs is obtained from the capsule of Papaver somniferum?

QUESTION ID:22

Which of the following statements are TRUE for plant growth regulators?
P. The release of cellulase and polygalacturonase into the cell wall is promoted by abscissic acid
Q. The early biosynthetic steps of gibberellic acid, up to the formation of ent-kaurene take place in the plastid
R. The naturally occurring zeatin belongs to the aromatic group of cytokinins
S. Induction of protease inhibitors as a result of wounding and pathogen attack is activated by jasmonic acid

QUESTION ID:23

Which of the following statements are TRUE for the transposable elements?
P. Barbara McClintock discovered the autonomous and non-autonomous transposable elements in Maize
Q. Variations in flower pigmentation in Antirhinum are due to the presence of transposable elements Ac and Ds
R. The Ac transposable element is 4563 bp long and has an 11 bp inverted repeats
S. Ds produces the transposase and mobilize the Ac elements

QUESTION ID:24

Match the recombinant proteins produced through molecular farming with their applications.

QUESTION ID:25

Which of the following statements are CORRECT for somatic cell hybridization?
P. For fusion of protoplast, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is used as a fusogen
Q. The enzyme ‘Cellulase Onozuka’ used for protoplast isolation is sourced from Trichoderma viride
R. The first report of somatic hybrid plants resulted from the fusion of protoplasts of Nicotiana glauca and N. tabacum
S. Viability of isolated protoplasts can be determined by Evan’s blue staining

QUESTION ID:26

Which of the following statements are TRUE on transgene approach?
P. T-DNA integration occurs mainly through non-homologous recombination
Q. The Gateway cloning depends on recombination technology as opposed to standard uses of restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
R. The localization of -glucuronidase (GUS) activity as a result of expression of GUS reporter gene can be visualized in a histochemical assay using the X-gal
S. The green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) is isolated from the bacterium Photinus pyralis

QUESTION ID:27

Identify the free radicals (marked as ‘?’) in sequence from the inter-conversion of reactive oxygen species as shown below.

QUESTION ID:28

With respect to adhesion and cohesion of stamens, identify the INCORRECT statements.
P. Adnation of stamens to petals is described as epiphyllous stamens
Q. In Calotropis, stamens and carpels are united to form gynostegium
R. In syngenesious stamens, filaments are united to form a bundle while the anthers are free
S. Synandrous stamens found in Cucurbita represent the union of filaments as well as anthers

QUESTION ID:29

Identify the CORRECT statements in plant secondary metabolism.
P. Tropane alkaloids in Atropa belladonna are synthesized from tyrosine
Q. Antioxidative food ingredient rosmarinic acid is obtained from cell suspension cultures of Coleus blumei
R. Thiophenes are produced from hairy root cultures of Tagetes patula
S. Cyanidin, the principal anthocyanin responsible for red color in Rosa hybrida is produced from cinnamaldehyde

QUESTION ID:30

Which of the following statements are TRUE for respiration?
P. The conversion of one molecule of pyruvate to three molecules of CO2 generates four molecules of NADH
Q. Fructose 6-phospate is the principal substrate for glycolysis
R. The oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate is the first step in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway
S. The mitochondrial ‘alternative oxidase’ provides an alternative pathway for transfer of electrons from ubiquinone to oxygen utilizing proton pumping complex of the respiratory chain

QUESTION ID:31

Match the name of the disease with the causal organism


QUESTION ID:32

Which ONE of the following components is NOT an electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration?

QUESTION ID:33

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology groups bacteria into species according to their

QUESTION ID:34

An auxotrophic mutant arises spontaneously in a wild type E.coli culture growing in a rich medium. Which ONE of the following techniques will ensure the isolation of the auxotrophic mutant?

QUESTION ID:35

Which ONE of the following mutants is used to carry out genetic analysis to determine the function of an essential gene?

QUESTION ID:36

An E.coli mutant constitutive for the lac operon was mated with a wild type strain. The merodiploid thus obtained was inducible by lactose. This observation indicates that the original mutation is

QUESTION ID:37

A rich medium is inoculated with a bacterium that divides every 30 minutes. The number of bacteria at the end of 50 hours is

QUESTION ID:38

Which ONE of the following statements about E.coli is NOT true ?

QUESTION ID:39

Antibody coated pathogens are recognized by effector cells through

QUESTION ID:40

Match the disease in Group I with their corresponding organism in Group II


QUESTION ID:41

Select the technique most appropriate to demonstrate that lactose induces the synthesis of beta -galactosidase enzyme.

QUESTION ID:42

Frederick Griffith used smooth (S) and rough (R) strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in his classical experiment that showed DNA might be the genetic element. Which ONE of the following observations gave the clue for this discovery?

QUESTION ID:43

Entry of lambda phage lysogen to lytic phase is triggered by

QUESTION ID:44

Match the Phylum in Group I with their characteristic motility appendage listed in Group II


QUESTION ID:45

Ten bacteria were inoculated into a rich medium. If at the end of ten hours the total number of cells is 104, then the number of elapsed generations and the generation time respectively is

QUESTION ID:46

The first step in the replication of a virus with the reverse transcriptase deals with the synthesis of

QUESTION ID:47

An E.coli mutant defective for an enzyme is unable to grow on acetate but grows on glycerol as the sole carbon source. Which ONE of the following enzymes is likely to be defective in this mutant?

QUESTION ID:48

Which one of the following pairs of bacterial species fixes atmospheric Nitrogen?

QUESTION ID:49

Nalidixic acid inhibits gyrase activity. Resistance to this antibiotic arises mainly due to

QUESTION ID:50

Transformation of normal cyanobacterial cells into heterocysts involves

QUESTION ID:51

Methane belched (eructation) out by cattle arises from the carbon dioxide produced

QUESTION ID:52

Trees in the equatorial region of earth supply oxygen into the atmosphere that sustains species living in distant polar regions. This relationship is called as

QUESTION ID:53

A swimmer is preparing to swim ‘non-stop’ across the English channel (a distance of 34 kilometers). Consumption of which of the following category of food/s should the swimmer increase to accomplish this feat?

QUESTION ID:54

Some species of beetles and fishes can survive at sub freezing temperature. They accomplish this by maintaining cellular integrity using one of the following mechanisms.

QUESTION ID:55

Zygotic genes required for the formation of a group of adjacent segment in the developing Drosophila embryo is called

QUESTION ID:56

A typical receptor senses extracellular stimuli by virtue of its localization on plasma membrane. The receptor to which of the following ligands is an exception to this rule?

QUESTION ID:57

The relationship between genes and enzymes was first suggested by the discovery of

QUESTION ID:58

The blind spot in the retina is blind because of which of the following reasons?

QUESTION ID:59

Lamprey, a jawless fish, belongs to which one of the following ‘Classes’?

QUESTION ID:60

Chorionic gonadotropin plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and is synthesized in the placenta of

QUESTION ID:61

Glucose and hexanoic acid, each having six carbon atoms can undergo complete biological oxidation. In terms of net ATP generation, which of the following statements is CORRECT?

QUESTION ID:62

Match the following evolutionary biologists with their respective theory
I) August Weisman                          i) Neutral theory of molecular evolution
II) Jean-Baptiste Lamark                ii) Handicap principle
III) Amotz Zahavi                            iii) Germ plasm theory
IV) Motoo Kimura                           iv) Inheritance of acquired characteristics

QUESTION ID:63

A female cat with a mutant phenotype was bred with a wild-type male cat. All progeny (4 males and 4 females) show the mutant phenotype. On the other hand, all progeny (4 males and 4 females) from the reciprocal cross between a mutant male and a wild-type female show the wild-type phenotype. Which of the following explain the inheritance pattern of the mutation?

QUESTION ID:64

If all the nucleotides have equal probability of occurrence in a 4 Mbp long DNA sequence, then how many times will the site of EcoRI, restriction endonuclease occur?

QUESTION ID:65

Seasonally breeding animals and birds measure the day length, i.e. photoperiod and use these measurements as predictive information to prepare themselves for breeding. Besides melatonin, which of the following hormones is involved in this biological process?

QUESTION ID:66

Red-Green color blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder. In a population which is in the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium, the incidence of occurrence of this in males is 1:1000. What will be the expected incidence of affected homozygous females?

QUESTION ID:67

Golgi apparatus is also termed as cellular post office, since it packages and transports cellular proteins across various organelles and outside the cell. In general, the Golgi is perinuclear in location and is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. A chemical compound, Monensin inhibits all trafficking from Golgi. If Golgi is visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy after treatment with this compound, the Golgi will be

QUESTION ID:68

In an individual, three distinct proteins bind oxygen depending on the location and development stage. While hemoglobin is the major oxygen binding protein in adults, myoglobin is present in skeletal muscles and fetal hemoglobin is present in fetal stage only. The following graph shows the oxygen binding capacity of these proteins. The A, B and C plots represent oxygen binding capacity of

QUESTION ID:69

A patient comes with symptoms of autonomic hemolysis. The diagnostic tests reveal that he has auto-antibodies to red blood cells (RBCs). Which one of the following mechanisms is the cause of this condition?

QUESTION ID:70

The nerve impulse at the neuromuscular junction results in discharge of acetylcholine (Ach) from its vesicles into the synaptic cleft. Ach gets degraded by acetylcholine esterase and is present in which one of the following locations?

QUESTION ID:71

Increasing estradiol (E2) hormone from ovarian follicles prior to ovulation has been hypothesized to play a critical role for induction of pheromones. These pheromones render females sexually receptive to males to facilitate mating. An investigator performs experiments in sheep in which females are gonadectomized, then treated with E2 or vehicle alone and allowed to breed. Which one of the findings listed below will validate the hypothesis that pheromones are induced by E2?

QUESTION ID:72

Among the following fatty acids, which group is known as essential fatty acids?

QUESTION ID:73

Cellulose, the structural polysaccharide of plant, is a polymer of

QUESTION ID:74

The important role of carotenoids in the human diet is their ability to serve as precursors of

QUESTION ID:75

Which one of the following microorganisms is used in the preparation of bread?

QUESTION ID:76

Which one of the microorganisms given below is NOT RESPONSIBLE for ropy or stringy fermentation of milk?

QUESTION ID:77

A mild heat treatment of foods that destroys pathogens and extends its shelf life is called

QUESTION ID:78

The most common and least expensive plastic film used for packaging of solid food materials is

QUESTION ID:79

Reassociation of amylose and formation of crystalline structure upon cooling of cooked starch solution is termed as

QUESTION ID:80

Thermal destruction of microorganisms follows a kinetics of

QUESTION ID:81

100 kg tomato juice containing 5% Total Solids (w/w) is concentrated to 25% Total Solids (w/w). The total amount of water removed from tomato juice in kg is

QUESTION ID:82

Which one of the following is NOT A CORRECT statement?

QUESTION ID:83

The following plot represents the Lineweaver-Burk equation of an enzymatic reaction both in the presence and the absence of inhibitor. Here, V is the velocity of reaction and S is the substrate concentration.
The nature of inhibition shown in the plot is

QUESTION ID:84

Make the correct match of the food constituents in Group I with their nature given in Group II.


QUESTION ID:85

Make the correct match of the fermented food products in Group I with the microorganisms in Group II

QUESTION ID:86

Match the following between organelle or cellular components of a bacterium cell in Group I with the constituents and functionalities in Group II.

QUESTION ID:87

Thermal death time (TDT) of Clostridium botulinum at 121C is 2.78 min with a z-value of 10C. The TDT of the microorganism at 116C (in min) is

QUESTION ID:88

Make the correct match between specific food processing operations in Group I with their mechanism of action in Group II.

QUESTION ID:89

650 g of a wet food containing 405 g water is dried in a tray dryer to a final moisture content of 6.8 % (dry basis). It is observed that the drying process occurs under constant rate period and it takes 8 h. The rate of drying (in kg/h) is

QUESTION ID:90

Air at 1 atmospheric pressure (101.325 kPa) and 300C with absolute humidity of 0.0218 kg/kg of dry air is flowing in a drying chamber. The saturated vapor pressure of water ( 0 w p , in kPa) is related to temperature (T, in 0Cas given below


The relative humidity of air (in percentage) is

QUESTION ID:91

The total solids content in a milk sample is 18 %. It is desired to produce 1000 kg of sweetened condensed milk (SCM) having 40 % sugar, 25 % moisture and rest milk solids. What is the ‘Sugar Ratio’ (in percentage) in the SCM in terms of sugar and water content in the final product?