In the absence of IAA, the Transcription factor, ARF, forms Inactive heterodimers with AUX/IAA proteins.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

TaqMan assay also applicable in analyzing variations in the allele or deletion 

of base substitution.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Touch down PCR are derived to enhance primer binding in the annealing step.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

A modification of overlap extension PCR may also be used to construct directed mutations; this is termed megaprimer PCR .

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Long primers forms most probably dimers, so taq pol amplifying this (in low temp) also.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The SNP mutation responsible for sickle-cell disease changes amino acid 6 in haemoglobin β from glutamic acid (E) to valine (V). 

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The sequence of the PCR product from a heterozygous carrier shows both the normal (HbβA) and mutant (HbβS) nucleotides at the position of the substitution SSR genotyping by PCR product electrophoresis.