Three major distinct metabolic pathways that can supply osmotically active solutes to guard cells have been clearly characterized:

1.The uptake of K+ and Cl– from the apoplast, coupled to the biosynthesis of malate2– within the guard cells.

2. The production of sucrose in the guard cell cytoplasm from precursors originating from starch hydrolysis in the guard cell chloroplast

3. The production of sucrose from precursors made in the photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway at the guard cell chloroplast

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6927

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Pseudodominance - Recessive allele owing to a deletion on the homologous chromosome.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6928

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Haploinsufficiency - One copy of the gene is missing; a mutant phenotype is produced

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6929

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Deletions can be detected cytologically by studying the banding patterns in stained chromosomes. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6930

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Large aberrations can be detected by examination of mitotic chromosomes that have been stained with banding agents such as quinacrine or Giemsa.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6931

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

hCONDEL - Deletions within the human genome containing sequences that are highly conserved among closely related relatives.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6932

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

hCONDELs - Responsible for the anatomical and behavioral differences between humans, chimpanzees and other varieties of mammals like ape or monkeys