Intrinsic apoptosis pathway

Caspase-8 cleaves the BH3-interacting-domain death agonist (Bid), resulting tBid fragment

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9533

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Genomes of many plant pathogenic bacteria are target to search a cluster of genes that encode the type 3 secretion system (T3SS)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5173

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Blood consists of a protein-rich fluid known as plasma, in which suspended cellular elements are:  white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5174

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The normal total circulating blood volume is about 8% of the body weight (5600 mL in a 70-kg man).  About 55% of this volume is plasma (3500 mL in a 70-kg man).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5175

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Most capillary walls are relatively impermeable to the proteins in plasma, and the proteins exert an osmotic force of about 25 mm Hg across the capillary wall (oncotic pressure) that pulls water into the blood.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5176

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The plasma proteins are also responsible for 15% of the buffering capacity of the blood because of the weak ionization of their substituent COOH and NH2 groups.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5177

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Plasma proteins have:  Specific functions

(antibodies & blood clotting proteins)

Nonspecific functions (carriers for various hormones, solutes, and drugs)