Syncytial specification occurs when cell fates are determined in a syncytium of nuclei, as in the

Drosophila blastoderm

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8820

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8821

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8822

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8824

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Cyclic electron transport produces only ATP as a product without net production of NADPH.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8825

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Cyclic electron transport pathway is catalyzed by the NADH dehydrogenase‐like (NDH) complex in the thylakoid

membrane. This large complex is similar to mitochondrial Complex I,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8826

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The NDH pathway is especially prominent during oxidative stress. 

The second pathway involves a ferredoxin‐quinone oxidoreductase that is sensitive to antimycin A.