The development of the vertebrate eye is a classic example used to describe the modus operandi of tissue organization via intercellular interactions.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6765

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

P bodies are dense cytoplasmic domains many times the size of a ribosome. They are sites of translational repression that contain no ribosomes or translation factors. They are also major sites of mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm. Exon-junction complexes upf complex functions in nonsense-mediated decay and induces degradation of the mRNA by P body–associated 5′→3′ exoribonuclease XRN1 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6766

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6767

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The most well studied type of DE is the AU-rich element (ARE) AUUUA, found in the 3’ UTR of up to 8% of mammalian mRNAs

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6768

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In nonsense mediated decay  in the addition of multiple lysines to the end of the protein (AAA is the codon for lysine) and stalling of the ribosome at the end of the mRNA. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6769

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6770

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Upf1 is the first NMD protein to act, binding to the terminating ribosome—specifically to its release factor complex.