Aldosterone has three actions on the late distal tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney: 

Increases Na+ reabsorption

Increases K+ secretion

Increases H+ secretion

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1614

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-ᾳ, IL-1, and IL-6, produced by macrophages and dendritic cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1615

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

C-type lectin receptor CLRs are plasma membrane receptors expressed variably on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T-cell subsets.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1616

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Humans CLRs that function as PRRs, most of which recognize one or more specific sugar moieties such as mannose (e.g., the mannose receptor and DC-SIGN), fucose (e.g., Dectin-2 and DC-SIGN), and glucans (e.g., Dectin-1).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1617

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Humans CLRs that function as PRRs, most of which recognize one or more specific sugar moieties such as mannose (e.g., the mannose receptor and DC-SIGN), fucose (e.g., Dectin-2 and DC-SIGN), and glucans (e.g., Dectin-1).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1618

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Chronic inflammation causes by IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-18.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1619

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

IL-10 and TGF-β regulate inflammation.