Toll protein surprisingly revealed that its cytoplasmic signaling domain was homologous to that of the vertebrate receptor for the cytokine IL-1 (IL-1R).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4318

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Aristotle proposed that life arose from nonliving material if the material contained pneuma (“vital heat”).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4319

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

As evidence, he noted several instances of the appearance of animals from environments previously devoid of such animals, such as the seemingly sudden appearance of fish in a new puddle of water.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4320

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

When the roof leaked and the grain molded, mice appeared. Jan Baptista van Helmont, a seventeenth century Flemish scientist, proposed that mice could arise from rags and wheat kernels left in an open container for 3 weeks. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4321

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Italian physician Francesco Redi (1626–1697),

His hypothesis was supported when maggots developed in the uncovered jars, but no

maggots appeared in either the gauze-covered or the tightly sealed jars. He concluded that

maggots could only form when flies were allowed to lay eggs in the meat, and that the

maggots were the offspring of flies, not the product of spontaneous generation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4322

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4323

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

 Pasteur made a series of flasks with long, twisted necks (“swan-neck” flasks)