At high concentrations (about 300 molecules/cell), activin induced expression of the goosecoid gene and instructed the cell to become the frog’s dorsal-most structures.

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#Id: 5545

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle, paracellular reabsorption of cations, such as Mg++, Ca++, Na+, and K+ occur

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#Id: 5546

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Paracellular reabsorption of cations (K+) causes slight positive charge (+8)of the tubular lumen relative to the interstitial fluid

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#Id: 5547

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Positive charge forces cations such as Mg++ and Ca++ to diffuse from the tubular lumen through the paracellular space and into the interstitial fluid

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#Id: 5548

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In the early distal tubule Approximately 5% of the filtered load of sodium chloride is reabsorbed through sodium-chloride co-transporter 

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#Id: 5549

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The thiazide diuretics, inhibit the sodium-chloride co-transporter

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#Id: 5550

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The second half of the distal tubule and the subsequent cortical collecting tubule have two distinct cell types:  principal cells and intercalated cells