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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1995

The AAUAAA is needed for cleavage and polyadenylation because deletion or mutation of the AAUAAA hexamer prevents generation of the polyadenylated 3’ end

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes #Polyadenylation #Part B Pointers
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7371

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The transcription factors encoded by the pair-rule genes activate the segment polarity genes, whose mRNA and protein products divide the embryo into 14-segment-wide units, establishing the periodicity of the embryo. 
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7372

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Major genes affecting segmentation pattern 

1.Gap genes                 2. Pair rule genes(primary)           3. Segment polarity genes      

Kruppel (Kr)                    hairy(h)                                             engrailed (en)

knirps (kni)                      even skipped(eve)                           wingless (wg)

hunchback (hb)              runt(run)                                           cubitus interruptus(ci) 

giant (gt)                          Pair rule genes (secondary)           hedgehog(hh)

tailless (til)                       fushi tarazu (ftz)                              fused (fu)

huckebein (hkb)              odd paired (opa)                             armadillo (arm)

buttonhead (btd)            odd skipped (odd)                          patched (ptc)

empty spiracles (ems)    sloppy paired (slp)                          gooseberry (gsb)

orthodenticle (otd)         paired (prd)                                      pangolin (pan
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7373

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

At the same time, the protein products of the gap, pair-rule, and segment polarity genes interact to regulate another class of genes, the homeotic selector genes, whose transcription determines the developmental fate of each segment
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7374

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Gurken protein is a member of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) family, and Torpedo encodes a homologue of the vertebrate EGF receptor.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7375

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

When Gurken binds to Torpedo, the terminal follicle cells differentiate into posterior follicle cells and synthesize a molecule that activates protein kinase A in the egg.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7376

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Par-1 protein organizes microtubules specifically with their minus and plus ends at the anterior and posterior ends of the oocyte, respectively