Backcross Cross between an F1 individual and one of the parental (P) genotypes.

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#Id: 10469

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Three mechanisms for LOH of tumor-suppressor genes:

Inactivating mutation or deletion

Chromosome missegregation

Mitotic recombination

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#Id: 8880

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Active cytoplasmic cyclin B-CDK1 translocates into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates nuclear lamins to cause nuclear envelope breakdown and, together with Plk1 and the Aurora kinases, induces chromosome condensation and formation of the mitotic spindle.

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#Id: 850

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Bacteria frequently deploy a “quorum‐sensing” mechanism to facilitate successful colonization of plant tissue

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#Id: 191

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

At slightly lower concentrations (intermediate concentrations), activin (about 100 molecules per cell) activated the Xbra gene and instructed the cell to become muscle.

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#Id: 8958

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Genetic exchange also happens between distantly related organisms by horizontal gene transfer, or HGT.

HGT is particularly important to prokarytotes and is the most common way by which they acquire new genes.