Underdominance, in which the heterozygote has lower fitness than both homozygotes.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Electrophoresis can be performed in two environment 

In free solution - Moving boundary electrophoresis (A. G. Tiselius) & CE

n the medium  -  GEL ( Agarose & PAGE )

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

A. G. Tiselius (1937) Performed Moving boundary electrophoresis  in a U-shaped tube using Schlieren optics on both end for Measurements of the electrophoretic mobilities.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

He received Nobel Prize in 1948 for developing technique for electrophoretic separation of substances.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Overall, there are three pillars electrophoresis

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Medium - (buffer/liquid) - with a precise pH value and a constant ionic strength.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Overall, there are three pillars electrophoresis

Current / voltage

Medium - (buffer/liquid) - with a precise pH value and a constant ionic strength.

 Analytes - A compound, which is to be detected or assayed in a given sample.

Electrophoretic resolution mainly can be change by manipulating current and buffer system.

The higher the buffer concentration, the more electric power is applied, resulting in higher heat (joule effect) development.

Smiling Effect, Venetian Blind Effect & Electroendosmosis reduces the efficiency of electrophoresis.