The initial form of rho is a gapped ring, but binding of the RNA converts it to a closed ring.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10325

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Monoclonal Antibodies Against Immune Checkpoint Molecules to Treat Cancers

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10326

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Antibodies against 

CTLA-4

PD-L1 or PD-1

A CTLA-4-blocking antibody, ipilimumab

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10327

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Engineering T cells contain specially engineered T cell receptors, called chimeric antigen receptors, and the modified cells are called CAR T cells

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10328

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Engineering T Cells to Recognize Tumor Antigens

When reactivated by inhibition of the immune checkpoint, have the capacity to recognize and kill some tumors with a large burden of mutations.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10329

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Binding of the extracellular TCR domain to a MHC-peptide complex triggers activation of ZAP70 protein tyrosine kinases attached to the cytosolic domains of the two adjacent ζ chains. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10330

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The idea behind CARs was to engineer the T-cell receptor to trigger activation of ZAP70 in response to the presence of a tumor-specific antigen rather than the MHC peptide complex.