The band-sharpening effect relies on the fact that negatively charged glycinate ions (in the electrophoresis buffer) have a lower electrophoretic mobility than do the protein–SDS complexes, which, in turn, have lower mobility than the chloride ions (Cl − ) of the loading buffer and the stacking gel buffer. 

[Cl−] > [protein–SDS] > [glycinate].

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#Id: 8248

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Van der Waals interaction is the weakest of all intermolecular attractions between molecules.

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#Id: 4453

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

For TEM two types of staining is done:

Negative staining

Metal shadowing

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#Id: 8638

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Once sufficient Cln3 is synthesized from its mRNA, Cln3-CDK complexes phosphorylate and inactivate the transcriptional repressor Whi5.

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#Id: 1689

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Light-chain recombination occurs at the small pre-B-cell stage of B-cell development.

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#Id: 7275

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Light regulates the catalytic activity of four enzymes of the Calvin–Benson cycle directly via the ferredoxin– thioredoxin system