The partially hybridized primers may become extended by the DNA polymerase and are amplified; sometimes this may monopolize the PCR .

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4939

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The chi-square test is used to estimate how likely the observations that are made would be, by considering the assumption of the null hypothesis as true.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4941

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

When we consider, the null speculation is true, the sampling distribution of the test statistic is called as chi-squared distribution.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4943

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The chi-squared test helps to determine whether there is a notable difference between the normal frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more classes or categories.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4944

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

P stands for probability here. To calculate the p-value, the chi-square test is used in statistics. The different values of p indicates the different hypothesis interpretation, are given below. 

I. P≤ 0.05; Hypothesis rejected.

II. P>.05; Hypothesis Accepted

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4945

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The chi-squared test is done to check if there is any difference between the observed value and expected value. The formula for chi-square can be written as

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4449

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Electron microscopy under optimal conditions provides, a resolution of 0.10 nm wavelength.