To measure the activity of a promoter, one can link it to a reporter gene, such as the genes encoding b-galactosidase, CAT, or luciferase, and let 

the easily assayed reporter gene products indicate the activity of the promoter.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Propidium iodide-labeled cells can be identify cells within the populations are at each stage of the cell cycle.

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Cytoplasmic Determinants

Blastomeres of the early embryo are apportioned a set of critical determination factors within the egg cytoplasm that determine cell fate

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Major component of ecological niche

1. Space Habitat

2. Eating habit

3. Environmental variant

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

binding by a ribosome, many prokaryotic ORFs contain a short sequence upstream (on the 5’ side) of the start codon called the ribosome binding site (RBS). This element is also referred to as a polypurine stretch Shine–Dalgarno sequence.