The RAPD technique is based on PCR, which uses a DNA polymerase that is resistant to the high temperature needed for DNA denaturation; this permits the enzyme to be used repeatedly during the amplification process. 

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The membranous labyrinth more or less duplicates the shape of the bony channels and is filled with a K+-rich fluid called endolymph

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

That time, there was no selective pressure for rubisco to discriminate between CO2 and O2. 

The Km for CO2 is about 9 microM, and that for O2 is about 350 microM. The modern atmosphere contains about 20% O2 and only 0.04% CO2, so an aqueous solution in equilibrium with air at room temperature contains about 250 microM O2 and 11 microM CO2—concentrations that allow significant O2 “fixation” by rubisco and thus a significant waste of energy.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Slab gels can develop a “Smiling Effect” When in a gel more Joule heat is produced than can be dissipated, leads to the higher mobility of the ions in the center, resulting in an uneven distribution of the zones, These zones bend up at the two lateral sides, causing “smiling.” 

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In skeletal muscle, 

The desmin filaments encircle the Z disk and are cross-linked to the plasma membrane. 

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

By counting the number of sites to which ORC binds, we can estimate that there are about 400 origins of replication in the yeast genome. This means that the average length of a replicon is -35,000 bp.