A very weak absorption maximum of phenylalanine occurs at 257 nm, tyrosine and tryptophan dominate the typical protein spectrum with their absorption maxima at 274nm and 280 nm, respectively.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)- NADPH oxidase mutate

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Eat me” signals

Dying cells facilitate their own phagocytosis by expressing on their surfaces such as phosphatidyl serine and lysophosphatidyl choline, proteins (annexin I), and altered carbohydrates. 

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Don’t eat me

Don’t eat me” signal, the protein CD47. CD47, recognized by the SIRP-α receptor on macrophages.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptotic cells attract phagocytes by releasing the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid, which functions as a chemoattractant

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Conserved motifs, usually present in many copies on the surface of a bacterium, fungal cell, parasite, or virus particle, are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Receptors of the innate immune system that recognize molecular patterns or motifs present on pathogens but absent in the host.