This alteration to the structure of the chromosome is accomplished by the enzyme topoisomerase. Replication cannot occur on supercoiled DNA, only the relaxed form.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 847

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Coronatine is a toxin effector produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae to mimic the plant hormone jasmonic acid‐isoleucine

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 848

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Coronatine is open stomata which are normally closed in response to PAMPs, also inhibits salicylic acid (SA)‐mediated defense responses

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 849

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Erwinia is necrotrophic bacteria that deploy pectic enzymes cause extensive cell death and tissue maceration.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 850

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Bacteria frequently deploy a “quorum‐sensing” mechanism to facilitate successful colonization of plant tissue

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 851

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Quorum sensing in E. carotovora is mediated by N‐acyl homo serine lactones,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 852

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Xanthomonas oryzae secretes a highly conserved sulfated peptide called Ax21, which mediates quorum sensing by controlling Xanthomonas motility, biofilm formation, and virulence.