Through Alternative Mechanisms, transfer electrons from unneeded NADH directly to ubiquinone to O2, bypassing Complexes III and IV and their proton pumps, through this process the energy in NADH is dissipated as heat.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9744

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Tomato plants produce tomatine, a compound that is closely related to avenacin. Only certain pathovars of the fungal pathogen Septoria lycopersici can cause disease on tomatoes, and these pathovars produce a glucosidase that can detoxify tomatine.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9745

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

According to Optimal Defense Hypothesis, 

Young tissues not only contain the highest levels of constitutive secondary compounds, they are also more responsive to herbivory. Thus, younger leaves exhibit more robust inducible defenses to herbivores than older leaves.

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#Id: 9746

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Constitutive defenses are costly to the plant. The production of secondary metabolites requires a significant energy investment derived from primary metabolism, which is then unavailable for use in growth and reproduction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9747

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Inducible defense against pests or pathogens, involve both a wound response and the recognition of certain compounds abundant in the insect’s saliva or regurgitant. 

These compounds belong to a broad group of chemicals called elicitors

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9748

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Elicitors are HAMPs or herbivore- associated molecular patterns

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9749

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Elicitors found in insect saliva are fatty acid (18:3) –amino acid conjugates (or fatty acid amides)