ATP synthase stabilizes ATP relative to ADP + Pi by binding ATP more tightly, releasing enough energy to counterbalance the cost of making ATP.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7932

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Signal sequence

ER targeting sequence, located at the N-terminus of the protein

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7933

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Signal sequences

contain one or more positively charged amino acids adjacent to a continuous stretch of 6–12 hydrophobic residues (known as the hydrophobic core)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7934

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The two key components in protein targeting in ER:

Signal recognition particle (SRP)

SRP receptor

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7935

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The SRP is a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein particle that transiently binds to both the ER signal sequence in a nascent protein and the large (60S) ribosomal subunit, forming a large complex.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7936

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The SRP is made up of six proteins bound to a 300-nucleotide RNA, which acts as a scaffold for the hexamer.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7937

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Once the ER signal sequence emerges from the ribosome, it is bound by a signal recognition particle (SRP)