If 10 protons are pumped out per NADH and 4 must flow in to produce 1 ATP, the proton-based P/O ratio is 2.5 for NADH as the electron donor and 1.5 (6/4) for succinate.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1633

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

C8 having two peptide chains: C8β and C8αϒ. Binding of C8β with C5b67 complex causes conformational change in the C8 dimer such that hydrophobic domain of C8αϒ can insert into the interior of the phospholipid membrane.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1634

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

C5b678 complex can create a small pore, 10 Å in diameter.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1635

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

MAC is the binding and polymerization of C9 to the C5b678 complex, completed MAC, which has a tubular form and functional pore diameter of 70 Å to 100 Å.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1636

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Complement components such as membrane attack complex (C5b-C9) Function as lysis of bacterial and cell membrane C3b and C4b causing opsonisation C3a, C4a and C5a (Anaphylotoxin) and their receptor causing induction of inflammation and chemotaxis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1637

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Complement receptor such as CR1, CR2, CR3 and CR4. They perform similar function such as phagocytosis except CR2, It is responsible for B-cell activation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1638

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

MHC molecules in outbred populations, including polygenic, polymorphism, and co-dominant expression.