There are two major steps to start translation

1. Activation of amino acids,

2. Assembly of ribosomes.

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#Id: 3683

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

There are 6000 genes in yeast; 21,700 in a nematode worm; 17,000 in a fly; 25,000 in the small plant Arabidopsis; and probably 20,000 to 25,000 in mice and humans

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#Id: 938

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) with the pluripotency of an embryonic stem cell. These genes were 

a. Sox2 and Oct4 (Oct3, Oct3/4, and Pou5f1) -which activated Nanog and other transcription factors that   established pluripotency and blocked differentiation

b. c-Myc which opened up chromatin and made the genes accessible to Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog

c. Klf4 -which prevents cell death

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#Id: 5888

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Incorrect base pairing leads to dramatically lower rates of nucleotide addition as a result of a catalytically unfavorable alignment of these substrates. This is an example of kinetic proofreading, in which an enzyme favors catalysis using one of several possible substrates by dramatically increasing the rate of bond formation only when the correct substrate is present. 

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#Id: 1133

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

CDK- Cyclin in Metazoans-

G1 Phase- cyclin D–CDK4/6

G1/S Phase- cyclin E–CDK2

S Phase- cyclin A–CDK2

M Phase- cyclin A/B–CDK1

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#Id: 5624

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal