The sum of the number of unique genes and the number of gene families is an estimate of the number of types of genes.

The minimum size of the proteome can be estimatedfrom the number of types of genes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9077

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

β-Arrestin (Arr) binds to these phosphorylated receptors. Clathrin and AP2, two other proteins bound by β-arrestin, promote endocytosis of the receptor.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9078

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

GRK–β-arrestin pathway, suppress signaling by GPCRs, actually functions as a switch, turning off signaling by G proteins and turning on other signaling pathways.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9079

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors coupled to a Gαi protein & found in cardiac muscles. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9080

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Binding of acetylcholine triggers the opening of an associated K+ channel  in the plasma membrane via the Gβγ subunit of a Gi protein

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9081

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The increase in K+ permeability hyperpolarizes the membrane, which reduces the frequency of heart muscle contraction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9082

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling