Gyrases are A2B2 heterotetramers in which the B subunits bind and hydrolyze ATP and the A subunits mediate the double-strand cleavage, strand passage, and reunion reactions.

The eukaryotic type II topoisomerases are homologous to gyrases but with their A and B subunits fused so that they are homodimers.

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#Id: 2026

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Plasmid Small, circular DNA molecule found in bacterial cells that is capable of replicating independently from the bacterial chromosome.

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#Id: 7767

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Atoms are indivisible particles that can't be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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#Id: 8644

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Phosphorylation on multiple sites by G1 CDKs blocks Rb from associating with E2F and promotes its export out of the nucleus.

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#Id: 2896

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The more massive a biological particle is, the faster it moves in a centrifugal field.

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#Id: 167

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The anterior neural plate produce the next signals, that promotes the synthesis of the Pax6 transcription factor in the anterior ectoderm.