Most cells are anchorage dependent and must be cultured while attached to a solid or semi-solid substrate (adherent or monolayer culture), while others can be grown floating in the culture medium (suspension culture). 

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

#Id: 7916

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Energy inputs are needed to Import proteins into mitochondria

Chaperone proteins (Hsp70& Hsp90)

An H+ electrochemical gradient, or proton-motive force

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

oxoG:A repair, Oxidation of guanine produces oxoG. 

The modified base can be repaired before replication by DNA glycosylase via the base excision pathway. 

If replication occurs before the oxoG is removed, resulting in the misincorporation of an A, then a fail-safe glycosylase can remove the A, allowing it to be replaced by a C. 

This provides a second opportunity for the DNA glycosylase to remove the modified base.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Examples of adapters. 

An adapter used to create BamHI sticky ends at the blunt ends of a DNA insert. 

A conversion adapter produced by associating two oligonucleotides, each having a different recognition sequence at its 5'~end but a complementary sequence for base pairing at the 3 '-end. 

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The miRNAs used in RNAi are produced as large RNA primary transcripts called pri-miRNA that are self-complementary and can automatically fold into a double-strand hairpin structure.