Mononucleosomes typically have 200 bp DNA. End-trimming reduces the length of DNA first to 165 bp and then generates core particles with 146 bp.

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#Id: 10544

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Two BH3-only proteins, Puma and Noxa are transcriptionally induced by the p53 protein

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Binding of cytochrome c to the Apaf1 triggers formation of an apoptosome containing seven molecules each of Apaf and cytochrome c and having a sevenfold symmetry. 

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptosome 

a disk-shaped 1.4-MDa heptameric wheel of death

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptosis of mammalian cells is activated by either: Intrinsic signaling pathways

Extrinsic signaling pathways

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Intrinsic apoptosis pathway is mediated by an activated initiator caspase (caspase-9)

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Extrinsic apoptosis pathway, is initiated by ligands of death receptor family TNFα and FasL (trimeric ligand)