Three unipolar limb leads (Augmented limb leads):

VR (right arm), VL (left arm) and VF (left foot).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1646

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Antibodies serve as physiological bridges between an antigen present on a pathogen, and the cells or molecules that will ultimately destroy it.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1647

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Heavy chain contain more constant region in compare to variable region, in contrast in the light chain variable and constant region are equal.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1648

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

More variability is found in the light chain.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1649

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Heavy chain types- μ, ϒ, α, δ or ε light chain types- κ or λ

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1650

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Hinge region provide the flexibility  and  found in only IgD, IgG and IgA, while hinge region are not found in other two antibodies IgM and IgE.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1651

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

J-chain is found in only IgM and IgA.