Flow cytometry or FACS is the sine qua non (without which, nothing) of the modern immunologist’s toolbox.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Two commonly used epitope tags are FLAG, which encodes the amino acid sequence DYKDDDDK (single-letter amino acid code), and myc, which encodes the sequence EQKLISEEDL.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Fluorochrome-coupled monoclonal antibodies to the FLAG or myc epitopes can then be used to detect the recombinant protein in the cell.

Alexa- 488-labeled antibody -emit green light

Alexa-568-labeled antibody- emit red light

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A significant difference between the transcription of eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNAs is that in bacteria, transcription takes place on  RNA polymerase III synthesizes small RNAs in the nucleoplasm

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A typical gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II has a promoter that extends upstream from the site where transcription is initiated.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A regulatory site that binds more negative regulators than positive regulators to control transcription is called a silencer.