Flow cytometry or FACS is the sine qua non (without which, nothing) of the modern immunologist’s toolbox.

Flow cytometry is based on light scattering and fluorescence 

Forward light scattering detect shape and side scattering detects granularity and complexity of the cell

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Noncanonical pathways can be divided into two types: 

1. The “planar cell polarity” pathway

2. The “Wnt/calcium” pathway

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The central player in the “canonical” Wnt intracellular signal transduction pathway is called β-catenin.

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Homologs

β-catenin in vertebrates =Armadillo in Drosophila.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

“canonical” Wnt signaling pathway uses a second transmembrane protein, LRP that associates with Frizzled in a Wnt signal– dependent manner.

 

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Homologs

LRP in vertebrates = Arrow in Drosophila.

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In the absence of Wnts,

β-catenin is bound in a complex with Axin (a scaffold protein), APC, and kinases CK1 and GSK3.