When the fitness interests of two individuals are different, they are in conflict.

The evolution of cooperation and conflict depends on when these kinds of behaviors are favored by natural selection.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5285

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Increase in intracellular cAMP facilitates the opening of L channels, increasing ICa and the rapidity of the depolarization phase of the impulse.

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#Id: 5286

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

When the cholinergic vagal fibers to nodal tissue are stimulated, the membrane becomes hyperpolarized and the slope of the prepotentials is decreased

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#Id: 5287

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Acetylcholine (ACh), released from parasympathetic nerve fibers, activates muscarinic (M2) receptors in the SA node.

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#Id: 5288

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Activation of the M2 receptors decreases cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) in the cells, and this slows the opening of Ca 2+ channels.

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#Id: 5289

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

βγ subunit of a G protein, open a special set of K + channels. The resulting IKAch slows the depolarizing effect of Ih .

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#Id: 5290

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

 Systemic arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle:

Diastolic pressure

Systolic pressure

Pulse pressure

Mean arterial pressure