Females are more related to their sisters (0.75) than they would be to their own offspring (0.50).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5979

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Decomposition Decomposition is the physical and chemical breakdown of dead plant and animal biomass. Decomposition is increased by High Temperatures, Soil Moisture, and Soil Nutrients.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5980

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5981

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Temperatures are warm in Tropics, Decomposition process are fast and 75% of the litter mass decomposes within 3 months. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5982

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

In the frozen tundra of the Arctic, over 100 years may be needed to decompose 75% of the litter mass. Tree species with high lignin: nitrogen ratios were more resistant to decomposition

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5983

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5984

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Top-down control - Higher trophic levels determine the sizes of the lower trophic levels Bottom-up control - Size of a higher trophic level is determined by lower trophic level