Activated factor IX forms a complex with active factor VIII, which is activated when it is separated from von Willebrand factor.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PI-3 kinase contains SH2 domain which binds to phosphotyrosines on the activated RTKs and cytokine receptors

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PI-3 kinase adds a phosphate to the 3′ carbon in one of two separate PI substrates, leading to formation of two PI 3-phosphates: PI(3,4)P2 or PI(3,4,5)P3

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In cells, PI-3 kinase pathway :

Triggers cell division 

Prevents apoptosis

Induces specific changes in cell metabolism

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

An important signal transduction protein that binds to PI 3-phosphates is protein kinase B (Akt),  a serine/threonine kinase

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PI-3 kinase was first identified in studies of the 

polyoma virus, a DNA virus

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PKB contains:

A PH domain

A kinase domain