SA node has an unstable resting membrane potential.

The “resting membrane potential” of the sinus nodal fiber between discharges has a negativity of about −55 to −60 millivolts.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Perception of MAMPs or DAMPs by cell surface PRRs is called Pathogen Triggered Immunity

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Perception of MAMPs or DAMPs by cell surface PRRs initiates a localized basal defense response called MAMP triggered immunity which inhibits the growth and activity of nonadapted pathogens or pests.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Effectors triggers intracellular defense response includes RLK, receptor-like kinase; RLP, receptor-like protein; NBS–LRR, nucleotide binding site–leucine rich repeat

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

When an Arabidopsis leaf is exposed to bacteria on the leaf surface, or to the MAMP flg22, the stomatal apertures closed by LRR receptor-like kinase FLS2, as well as a heterotrimeric G protein.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Flg22 also activates NADPH oxidases for the production of ROS are encoded by 10 respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Atrboh) genes. Two of the proteins, Atrboh D and F, are required

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

NADPH oxidases respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Atrboh) genes