Ruderals - Ruderals are adapted to take advantage of habitat disturbance, (High disturbance,  low competition,  low stress tolerance)

Ex - Insect , annual species

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10030

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A single molecule of I-κBα binds to N-terminal domains of the p50–p65 subunits, masking their NLS.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10031

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

I-κB kinase 

three-protein complex and is responsible for releasing NF-κB from sequestration

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10032

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Within minutes of stimulation of the cell, β subunit of

I-κB kinase becomes activated by phosphorylation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10033

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

β subunit of I-κB kinase phosphorylates two N-terminal serine residues on I-κBα

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10034

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

An E3 ubiquitin ligase binds to Phosphoserines of I-κBα & links poly-K48-linked ubiquitin chains that target the attached I-κBα protein to the proteasomal degradation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10035

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

NF-κB signaling is turned off by negative feedback

regulation because one of the genes whose transcription is induced by NF-κB encodes I-κBα.