Aldosterone has three actions on the late distal tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney:

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

          Richard hypothesis 

            

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Resource partitioning promote coexist  of ecologically similar species

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

                                   Richard hypothesis 

d/w = resource separation ratio.

d/w < 1, species cannot coexist;

1 < d/w < 3, there will be some competition between species

d/w > 3, species coexist harmoniously

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

                     Proportional similarity analysis

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Proportional similarity values of less than 0.70 have been taken to indicate possible coexistence

While those greater than 0.70 indicate competitive exclusion.

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#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Character displacement

Morphological differences in two closely related species present in same geographical area while similar morphology when present at different geographical are

1. Niche diversification

2. Co-existence of many species

3. Evolutionary program