Trophic-level transfer efficiency is low for the two reasons

a- Many organisms cannot digest all their prey.  

b- Much of the energy assimilated by animals is used in maintenance.

c- The dead organisms and feces become dinner for decomposers.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 696

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

1. The small fragment (35 kD) possesses a 5’– 3’ exonucleolytic activity, which excises small groups of nucleotides, up to 10 bases at a time.

2. This activity is coordinated with the synthetic/ proofreading activity. 

3. It provides DNA polymerase I with a unique ability to start replication in vitro at a nick in DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 679

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

EST proteins regulates number of repeats in RNA component for telomere lengths.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9389

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Male stickleback fish develop red colour on their ventral side in the breeding season and maintain territories. 

When a conspecific male intruder enters their territory, resident males perform an aggressive display. 

The ethologist Niko Tinbergen presented models of different shapes to territorial male stickleback fish. He found that models of any shape elicited aggressive displays, provided the ventral part of the models was coloured red.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9771

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Polygalacturonases (PG) secreted by the fungal hyphae interact with WAK1 on plant cell wall results in the expression of plant defense proteins, including PGIPs Chitinases, glucanases, and phytoalexins to damage the fungal hyphae

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6919

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Chromosome deletion - Loss of a chromosome segment.