Proteins encoded by early region (E1, E2, E3, E4) genes are involved in viral DNA replication, cell cycle modulation and defense system. The late region genes (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) encodes the viral structural proteins.

#Id: 432

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Core DNA invariant length of 146 bp contains core and linker histones so Mnase cuts after H1 binding site. 

#Id: 7081

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

#Id: 473

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

A mutation that confers a more advantageous phenotype to an organism, relative to Individuals in the same population without the mutation, is positive selection of that organism.

#Id: 6149

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs, Artemis, XRCC4, Cernunnos-XLF, and DNA ligase IV. Ku70 and Ku80 are the most fundamental components of NHEJ. 

They constitute a heterodimer that binds to the DNA ends and recruits DNA-PKcs, which is a protein kinase. DNA-PKcs, in turn, forms a complex with Artemis. Artemis is both a 5’-to-3’ exonuclease and a latent endonuclease that is activated by phosphorylation by DNA-PKcs. 

These nucleolytic activities process the broken ends and prepare them for ligation. Ligase IV performs ligation in a complex with XRCC4 and Cernunnos-XLF.

#Id: 1405

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling