Down mutations to decrease promoter efficiency usually decrease conformance to the consensus sequences, whereas up mutations have the opposite effect.

 Mutations in the -35 sequence can affect initial binding of RNA polymerase.

Mutations in the -10 sequence can affect binding or the melting reaction that converts a closed to an open complex.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8601

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 109

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Cells can progress from totipotent to pluripotent to determined.   

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1975

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

If this ratio R is equal to 1, then the population is randomly dispersed.

If R is significantly greater than 1, the population is evenly dispersed

If R is significantly less than 1, the population is clumped

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6390

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

CAP–cAMP increases the rate of formation of the closed promoter complex, CAP–cAMP provides CPC for conversion to the open promoter complex.  Thus, the net effect of CAP–cAMP is to increase the rate of open promoter complex formation.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6100

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes