Genetic Maternal Effect 

Determination of the phenotype of an offspring not by its own genotype, but by the nuclear genotype of its mother. 

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

An effector molecule is

made by a pathogen to enhance the pathogen’s colonizing

abilities.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

IgA is the principal class in secretions, the most important being those from the epithelia lining the intestinal and respiratory tracts.

Dimeric IgA operates mainly on epithelial surfaces.

This monomeric IgA is predominantly of the subclass IgA1; the ratio of IgA1 to IgA2 in the blood is 10:1.

IgA antibodies produced by plasma cells in the gut are dimeric and predominantly of subclass IgA2; the ratio of IgA2 to IgA1 in the gut is 3:2.

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#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Hayflick limit of animal cell culture

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The term electrophoresis describes the migration of a charged particle in medium (buffer/liquid) under the influence of an electric field.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Receptor Homodimerization 

Cytokines (erythropoietin) activate receptors by forming dimers of two identical cytokine receptor proteins