To obtain a lod score, we calculate 

the probability of obtaining the observed results under the assumption that the genes are linked with a specified degree of recombination

the probability of obtaining the observed results under the assumption of independent assortment.

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#Id: 7020

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Intracellular regulatory mechanisms include:

Regulation by cytoplasmic determinants

Transcriptional regulation 

Epigenetic regulation

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#Id: 6980

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Polyploidy 

Some organisms possess more than two sets of chromosomes—they are polyploid.  Allopolyploidy Condition in which the sets of chromosomes of a polyploid individual are derived from two or more species.  Autopolyploidy Condition in which all the sets of chromosomes of a polyploid individual are derived from a single species.

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#Id: 5873

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Solar radiation, in the form of short-wave energy, passes through the atmosphere to heat the Earth’s surface. 

Long-wave infrared energy is radiated back into the atmosphere. 

Most infrared energy is reflected by atmospheric gases, including carbon dioxide molecules, back to Earth, causing global temperatures to rise.

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#Id: 2479

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Separation of RNA, TRIS-borate with EDTA ( TBE) is typically used due to superior buffering capacity (beneficial for long run times).

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#Id: 9971

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

β-catenin Destruction Complex contains:

Tumor suppressor APC

Dvl protein

Constitutively active protein kinases GSK 3β and CK1