Pointers

  1. Home
  2. Free Resources
  3. Pointers
  4. 6530
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6530


#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal #Insulin & Glucagon #Part B Pointers
PYQ Links
  1. PYQ 1
Extensive Links
  1. Link 1
More Pointers
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7144

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7145

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Brassinolide binding to the brassinosteroid receptor kinase
BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) on the plasma membrane triggers a phosphorylation cascade that causes a repressor protein, BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2
(BIN2), to become inactivated. This results in activation of the transcription factors BRI1-EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1) and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and subsequent gene expression
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7146

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In the presence of brassinolide, the activated phosphatase BSU1 dephosphorylates BIN2 and promotes its degradation by the 26S proteasome system, thus blocking its activity. BES1 and BZR1 are then dephosphorylated by PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE2A (PP2A), and the active forms of BES1 and BZR1 move into the nucleus where they regulate the expression of brassinolide response genes
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7147

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

There are three pathways for the synthesis of JAs, including the octadecane pathway starting from α-linolenic acid (18:3) and the hexadecane pathway starting from hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3). 
All three pathways require three reaction sites: the chloroplast, peroxisome, and cytoplasm. 
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7148

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In plants, mechanical damage or insect feeding can cause rapid and transient accumulation of JA and JA-Ile at the site of injury, thereby activating the expression of defense genes surrounding the wound and producing a local defense response
TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7149

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In the local defense response, there are two ways of short-distance transmission of the JA signal. First, the systemin produced by the wounding acts as a signaling molecule, which is transmitted to the adjacent site through the apoplast and phloem to activate the JA cascade reaction pathway. Second, JA and JA-Ile induced by systemin act as signals and are transported to adjacent sites for defensive responses