PNPase a 3’ to 5’ exonucleases in E. coli, are unable to progress through double-stranded regions. Thus, the stem-loop structure at the 3’ end of many bacterial mRNAs protects the mRNA from direct 3’ attack.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3996

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Phase 4 (resting membrane potential) averages about −90 millivolts.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7011

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Regulation is highly influenced by the microenvironment that surrounds a stem cell and is known as the stem cell niche.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7907

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Parkinson’s disease is caused by mutations in two gene encoding proteins that can mediate mitophagy:

PINK1 (a kinase)

Parkin (E3 ubiquitin ligase)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5491

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Type of iteroparity

Seasonal iteroparity- Many species, such as birds or mammals, or temperate forest trees, have distinct breeding seasons Continuous iteroparity- individuals reproduce repeatedly and at any time of the year. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10462

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

MYC gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein

include MAD, MAX, and MNT