The major candidate for the factor that forms the Nieuwkoop center was β-catenin (This multifunctional protein also proved to be a key player in the formation of the dorsal amphibian tissues)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9524

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The amount of direct injury to the plant is low, when these insects serve as vectors for plant viruses they can cause great damage.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9525

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Cell-content feeders, such as mites and thrips, are piercing-and-sucking insects that cause an intermediate amount of physical damage to plant cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9526

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Chewing insects, such as caterpillars, grasshoppers, and beetles, cause the most significant damage to plants. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9527

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Plant viruses are biotrophs and they enters in the plants via plasmodesmata and phloem

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9529

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Plant viruses have small genomes; most encode only three to 10 proteins.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9528

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Viruses targets endocytic recycling pathway for cell‐to‐cell spread