Clockwise rotation gives dihedral angles from 0º to 180º.

180º is the same as counter-clockwise rotation to -180º.

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#Id: 4822

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Confidence Interval Formula

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#Id: 4823

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The null hypothesis is a kind of hypothesis which explains the population parameter whose purpose is to test the validity of the given experimental data.

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#Id: 4824

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Null hypothesis is either rejected or not rejected based on the viability of the given population or sample.

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#Id: 4825

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

In other words, the null hypothesis is a hypothesis in which the sample observations result from the chance. It is said to be a statement in which the surveyors want to examine the data. It is denoted by H₀ .

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#Id: 4826

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

In statistics, the null hypothesis is usually denoted by letter H with subscript ‘0’ (zero), such that H₀ . It is pronounced as H-null or H-zero or H-nought. 36.

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#Id: 4827

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The formula for the null hypothesis is H₀ : p = p₀